在英语中,直接引语和间接引语怎么理解?
发布网友
发布时间:2022-05-18 07:01
我来回答
共1个回答
热心网友
时间:2022-05-27 06:50
1.直接引语是陈述句,变成间接引语时,由连词that
引导。例如:
She
said,
"I
am
very
happy
to
help
you."→
She
said
that
she
was
very
happy
to
help
you.
2.
直接引语是一般(选择/反意)疑问句,变成间接引语时,由连词whether或if
引导。例如:
He
asked
me,
"Do
you
like
playing
football?"→
He
asked
me
if/whether
I
liked
playing
football.
注意:大多数情况下,if和whether
可以互换,但后有or
not,或在动词不定式前,或放在介词后作连接词时,一般只用whether。例如:
She
asked
me
whether
he
could
do
it
or
not.
He
hesitated
about
whether
to
drive
or
take
the
train.
3.
直接引语是特殊疑问句,变成间接引语时,由相应的疑问词who,
whom,
whose,
how,
when,
why,
where
等引导。例如:
My
sister
asked
me,
"How
do
you
like
the
film?"→
My
sister
asked
me
how
I
liked
the
film.
4.
直接引语是祈使句,变成间接引语时,把动词原形变成动词不定式,并在动词不定前加tell,
ask,
order
等的宾语。例如:
The
captain
ordered,
"Be
quiet."→
The
captain
ordered
us
to
be
quiet.
注意:此种情况的否定句,在动词不定式前加not。
My
teacher
asked
me,
"Don't
laugh."→
My
teacher
asked
me
not
to
laugh.
5.
一些注意事项
(1)直接引语是客观事实、普遍真理等,变成间接引语时,时态不变。例如:
They
told
their
son,"The
earth
goes
round
the
sun."→
They
told
their
son
that
the
earth
goes
round
the
sun.
(2)直接引语变间接引语时,
指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。如:this/that→
these/those,
now→then,
today→that
day,
yesterday→the
day
before,
last
year→the
year
before,
ago→before,
here→there等。例如:
He
said,
"I
haven't
seen
her
today."→
He
said
that
he
hadn't
seen
her
that
day.
注意:如果转述时就在原来的地方,就在说话的当天,就不必改变指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等。
(3)间接引语一般要用陈述句的语序,即主、谓、宾的顺序。例如:
He
asked
Lucy,
"Where
did
you
go?"→
He
asked
Lucy
where
she
went.
Tom
said,
"What
do
you
want,
Ann?"→
Tom
asked
Ann
what
she
wanted.