如何理解现在分词和过去分词
发布网友
发布时间：2022-04-26 21:33
共2个回答
热心网友
时间：2022-06-04 12:39
1)语态上不同：现在分词表示主动的意思，而过去分词多由及物动词变来，表示被动的意思。试比较：
surprising 使人感到惊讶的(主动)
surprised 自己感到惊讶的(被动，即被惊讶的)
an exciting story 一个令人兴奋的故事(主动)
excited spectators 激动的观众(被动，即被引起激动的)
a moving film 一部感动人的影片。
A moved audience 受感动的观众
A tiring journey 累人的旅行
A tired football player 累了的足球运动员
He told us many interesting things last night.他昨夜告诉我们许多有趣的事情。
She is interested in astronomy. 她对天文学有兴趣。
也有一些过去分词是由不及物动词变来的，它们只表示一个动作已完成，没有被动的意味。如：
the risen sun 升起的太阳
fallen leaves 落叶
the exploded bomb 已爆炸了的*
a retired miner 退休矿工
returned students 归国留学生
2)时间关系上不同：一般说来，现在分词所表示的动作往往正在进行，而过去分词所表示的动作，往往已经完成。试比较：
the changing world 正在变化着的世界
the changed world 已经起了变化的世界
boiling water 正在开的水
boiled water 已经煮开过的水(可能是凉开水)
developing countries 发展中国家
developed countries 发达国家
分词和分词短语的用法
1) 作定语作定语用的分词如果是单词，一般放在它所修饰的名词之前。如：
I’m reading a very interesting book.我在读一本很有趣的书。
He likes to drink cold boiled water. 他喜欢喝凉开水。
分词短语作定语用时，一般皆放在它所修饰的名词的后面。它的功用相当于定语从句。如：
China is a developing socialist country belonging to the Third world.中国是一个发展中的社会主义国家，属于第三世界。
(= which belongs to the Third World)
The man sitting in the corner is my brother.坐在角落里的那个人是我的兄弟。(= who is sitting in the comer)
Most of the people invited to the party did not come.被邀请参加晚会的人多数没有来。(= who were invited to the party.)
2)作表语
The opera is very moving and instructive. 这个歌剧很动人，且有教育意义。
The cups are broken. 这些杯子是破的。
He is married.他已经结婚了。
[注] 分词作表语用时，相当于形容词，不可与进行时态和被动语态中的分词混淆起来。它们的形式相似，但可以从意义上加以辨别。试比较：
Lei Feng’s spirit is inspiring the people all over the country. 雷锋的精神鼓舞着全国人民。(现在进行时)
His report is inspiring. 他的报告令人鼓舞。(现在分词作表语)
The road was completed by the PLA men.这条路是*战士修成的。(被动语态)
The road is completed.这条路已经筑成。(过去分词作表语)
3)作状语：分词在意义上也可用作状语，表示时间、原因、方式和伴随情况等。
a)表示时间(在意义上往往相当于表示时间的状语从句)。如：
Looking out of the window，I saw groups of children passing by the house.我从窗口望出去，看见成群的孩子们从房子前面走过。(= When I looked out of the window)
Heated，the metal expands.这种金属加热后即膨胀。(= When it is healed)
Opening the drawer he took out a dictionary.他打开抽屉，拿出一本词典。(= He opened the drawer and took...这两个动作是一个接着一个)
[注]如果要强调分词短语与谓语动词所表示的时间关系，分词短语之前可用when或while等连词。如：
While working in the factory (= While I was working in the factory)，I learnt a lot from the workers.我在工厂工作期间，从工人那里学到了很多东西。
When heated，the metal expands.这种金属加热后即膨胀。
热心网友
时间：2022-06-04 12:40
现在分词和过去分词主要差别在于：现在分词表示"主动和进行"，过去分词表示"被动和完成"(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动，只表示完成)。分词可以有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等。
1、 分词作状语分词在句子中作状语，可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等。
分词在句子中作状语，使用何种分词，要取决于分词与句子主语的关系：主谓关系用现在分词，动宾或被动关系用过去分词。
（1）现在分词The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking.
（2）过去分词Accompanied by his friend, he went to the railway station. Given better attention, the plants could grow better.
2、"while ( when, once, until, if , though等连词)＋分词"结构现在分词或过去分词作状语时，有时可以在分词前加while，when, once, although, until, if等连词。
When leaving the airport, she waved again and again to us. While waiting for the train, I had a long talk with my sister about her work……
Once recovered, he threw himself into his work and made every effort to do it well.
Although working very hard, he failed to pass the final exam. If translated word by word, the passage will be difficult to understand.
3、分词作定语分词作定语时，单个的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前，分词短语一般置于所修饰的中心词后面。现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的名词(即与名词有主谓关系)，过去分词修饰承受该动作的名词(即与名词是动宾关系)。
We will go on with our experiment as soon as we get the added fund.
This is really an exhausting day to all of us!
We can see the part of the moon lighted by sunlight.
After a night spent in excitement a
