求一篇英语科普的文章，，字数多点，最好有翻译，要有图片，请发送到875709697@qq.com
发布网友
发布时间：2022-05-26 15:12
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热心网友
时间：2023-10-23 16:34
The Internet is a giant network of computers located all over the world that communicate with each other.
The Internet is an international collection of computer networks` that all understand a standard system of addresses and commands, connected together through backbone systems. It was started in 1969, when the U.S. Department of Defence established a nationwide network to connect a handful of universities and contractors. The original idea was to increase computing capacity that could be shared by users in many locations and to find out what it would take for computer networks to survive a nuclear war or other disaster by providing multiple path between users. People on the ARPNET (as this nationwide network was originally called) quickly discovered that they could exchange messages and conct electronic "conferences" with distant colleagues for purposes that had nothing to do with the military instrial complex. If somebody else had something interesting stored on their computer, it was a simple matter to obtain a copy (assuming the owner did not protect it).
Over the years, additional networks joined which added access to more and more computers. The first international connections, to Norway and England, were added in 1973. Today thousands of networks and millions of computers are connected to the Internet. It is growing so quickly that nobody can say exactly how many users "On the Net".
The Internet is the largest repository of information which can provide very very large network
[参考译文]
Internet是由位于世界各地相互通信的计算机连接而成的巨大的计算机网络。
Internet是计算机网络的国际性的集合，这些网络都符合具有地址和命令的标准体系，并经骨干网连在一起。Internet始建于1969年，当时美国国防部为连接少数几所大学和协议企业而建立了一个全国性网络。最初的想法是要增加计算机能力并可由许多地点的用户共享，并且通过提供用户间多条路径来找到哪一种计算机网络能够在核战或其他灾难中幸存。ARPNET（这种全国网络最初的名称）上的用户很快就发现他们可以与远距离的同事交换消息，并且进行某种目的的电子“会议”，而这些目的与军事工业企业没有任何关系。如果另外一些人在其计算机中存有有趣的东西，得到其拷贝是很容易的事（假定拥有者没有进行保护）。
几年间，新的网络接入使越来越多的计算机加入进来。在1973年进行了第一次与挪威和英国的国际连接。今天，有成千上万的计算机网络和数百万台计算机与Internet相连。Internet发展如此之快以至于没有人能准确地说出网上有多少用户。
Internet是最大的信息宝库，它可以提供非常巨大的网络资源。这种网络资源可分为网络设备资源和网络信息资源。网络设备资源使我们能够进行远程计算和通信。网络信息资源向我们提供各种各样的信息服务，如科学、教育、商务、历史、法律、艺术和娱乐等等。
热心网友
时间：2023-10-23 16:35
Bats have a problem: how to find their way around in the dark. They hunt at night, and cannot use light to help them find prey and avoid obstacles.You might say that this is a problem of their own making, one （way） that they could avoid simply by changing their habits and hunting by day.But the daytime economy is already heavily exploited by other creatures such as birds. Given that there is a living to be made at night, and given that alternative daytime trades are thoroughly occupied, natural selection has favoured bats that make a go of the night-hunting trade.It is probable that the nocturnal trades go way back in the ancestry of all mammals. In the time when the dinosaurs dominated the daytime economy, our mammalian ancestors probably only managed to survive at all because they found ways of scraping a living at night. Only after the mysterious mass extinction of the dinosaurs about 65 million rs ago were our ancestors able to emerge into the daylight in any substantial numbers.
蝙蝠有个难题，那就是如何在乌漆墨黑的四周认得路。他们在夜间捕食，所以不能利用光线来帮助他们发现猎物和避开障碍物。你也许会说这是它们自找的麻烦，一个简单的避免方式就是它们改变习惯而在白天捕食。但是， “白日经济”已经被其它诸如鸟类的生物过度利用了。鉴于在夜间能够生存而可供选择的白天捕食机会已经完全被其它生物占有，大自然的选择让蝙蝠成为了一个成功的夜间捕食者。夜间捕食行为或许可以追溯到所有哺乳动物的祖先。在恐龙统治“白日经济”的时候，我们的哺乳动物祖先或许根本只能设法维持生存，因为它们只找到了在夜间勉强生活的方式。只有在六千五百万年前恐龙神秘的大规模毁灭之后，我们祖先才能在日间大量出现。
Given the questions of how to manoeuvre in the dark，what solutions might an engineer consider？The first one that might occur- to him is to manufacture light, to use a lantern or a searchlight。Fireflies and some fish (usually with the help of bacteria) have the power to manufacture their own light, but the process seems to consume a large amount of energy. Fireflies use their light for attracting mates. This doesn't require a prohibitive amount of energy: a male's tiny pinprick of light can be seen by a female from some distance on a dark night, since her e are exposed directly to the light source itself. However; using light to find one's own way around requires vastly more energy, since the e have to detect the tiny fraction of the light that bounces off each part of the scene. The light source must therefore be immensely brighter if it is to be used as a headlight to illuminate the path, than if it IS to be used as a signal to others. In any event, whether or not the reason is the energy expense, it seems to be the case that, with the possible exception of some weird deep-sea fish, no animal apart from man uses manufactured light to find its way about.
鉴于如何在黑暗中行动的问题，一个工程师可能会想到什么解决方式呢？首先，他可能会想到利用灯笼或探照灯来制造光源。萤火虫或某些鱼类（通常是通过细菌的帮助）自己有能力产生光源，但是这个过程似乎会消耗大量的能量。萤火虫利用光来吸引异性并不需要非常多的能量： 由于雌性萤火虫的眼睛直接暴露于光源之外，它在黑夜里可以从某个距离看到雄性萤火虫细小的光点、。然而，利用光线来认路需要大得多的能量，这是因为眼睛必须能识别四周每一点上的细微反射光。所以如果要利用光源作为前灯来照路，它必须比作为信号的光源亮的多。不管如何，无论是不是能耗的原因，除了某些神秘的深海鱼类有可能例外，事实就是除人类之外似乎没有其它的动物利用制造光来识路。
What else might the engineer think of? Well, blind humans sometimes seem to have an uncanny sense of obstacles in their path. It has been given the name 'facial vision', because blind people have reported that it feels a bit like the sense of touch, on the face. One report tells of a totally blind boy who could ride his tricycle at good speed round the block near his home, using facial vision. Experiments showed that, in fact, facial vision is nothing to do with touch or the front of the face, although the sensation may be referred to the front of the face, like the referred pain in a phantom limb. The sensation of facial vision, it turns out, really goes in through the ears.Blind people, without even being aware of the fact, are actually using echoes of their own footsteps and of other sounds, to sense the presence of obstacles. Before this was discovered, engineers had already built instruments to exploit the principle, for example to measure the depth of the sea under a ship.
工程师可能会想到其它什么呢？额，盲人有时看起来对他们路面上的障碍物有种超乎寻常的感知，这种感知被命名为“面感视觉”， 这是因为盲人称它有点像触碰面部的感觉。有份报道讲述了一个全盲的小孩利用面感视觉能在他家附近的街区飞快地骑三轮车。虽然这种感觉可能与脸的正面有联系，实际上，实验显示面感视觉与触碰或脸的正面没什么联系，这就像幻肢的牵涉性疼痛。原来面感视觉的感知实际上是通过耳朵（来感知的）。盲人们甚至不知道，他们实际上利用他们自己的脚步声和其它声音的回声来感觉障碍物的存在。在发现这一点之前，工程师实际上已经建造了仪器来实践这一原理，比如测量船底的海洋深度。
After this technique had been invented, it was only a matter of time before weapons designers adapted it for the detection of submarines. both sides in the Second World War relied heavily on these devices, under such codenames as Asdic (British) and Sonar (American), as well as Radar (American) or RDF (British), which uses radio echoes rather than sound echoes,
这项技术发明之后， 武器设计师采用它来探测潜艇仅仅只是个时间问题了。二战中的交战双方都十分依赖这些仪器，诸如产品代号为早期潜艇探索声纳 ASDIC（英国）和声纳 Sonar（美国）还有雷达（美国）或无线电测向器 RDF(英国)， 他们都使用无线电回波而不是声波回波。
The Sonar and Radar pioneers didn't know it then, but all the world now knows that bats, or rather natural selection working on bats, had perfected the system tens of millions of rs earlier; and their radar' achieves feats of detection and navigation that would strike an engineer mb with admiration. It is technically incorrect to talk about bat 'radar', since they do not use radio waves. It is sonar: But the underlying mathematical theories of radar and sonar are very similar; and much of our scientific understanding of the details of what bats are doing has come from applying radar theory to them. The American zoologist Donald Griffin, who was largely responsible for the discovery of sonar in bats, coined the term 'echolocation' to cover both sonar and radar; whether used by animals or by human instruments.
声纳和雷达的先驱们那那时并不知道，但是现在全世界都知道了，蝙蝠，更确切的说是自然选择使得蝙蝠在一千万年前就已经完善了这个系统，而且它们雷达的侦察和导航技术使得工程师惊叹得哑口无言。技术上来说，谈论蝙蝠“雷达”一词并不正确，因为它们并不使用无线电波。它是声纳。但是雷达和声纳的基本数学理论非常相似；很大程度上我们对蝙蝠行为细节的科学理解来自于雷达原理对其的应用。美国动物学家Donald Griffin是发现蝙蝠声纳的主要人士，Donald Griffin创造了术语“回声定位”来涵盖不管是动物还是人造的声纳和雷达。
希望你能满意~~~
热心网友
时间：2023-10-23 16:35
随便挑你想要的。
找到合适的文章，点里面的“左右对照”或“上下对照”就可以看英文原文。
热心网友
时间：2023-10-23 16:36
Do you like F22,a good stealth aircraft made in USA.Do you know its principle?It uses
concave(用凹面),and absorbing materials(吸波材料) to reflect radar beam(反射雷达波）.It decreases loud engine(发动机的噪声).
热心网友
时间：2023-10-23 16:37
