什么是宾语补语状语,用非常通俗易懂的例子
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发布时间:2022-05-26 15:09
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时间:2023-10-23 13:59
句子成分
(Elements of the Sentence)
1.主语(Subject):由名词或起名词作用的词(如代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词)、短语(如名词短语、不定式短语或动名词短语)或名词从句(the nominal clause)构成,如:
A horse is a useful animal. I’m a student.
There’re two apples on the table. One is red; the other is green.
To say is one thing; to do is another.
Walking is a good form of exercising. What you said is right.
谓语动词(Predicate Verb):由动词(包括短语动词,如look at, take care of 等),或动词短语(即助动词包括情态动词加动词,如must do, can’t have done等)的基本形式组成,如:
I think she’s right.
You must hand in your exercises before 12 o’clock.
2.表语(Predicative),也称主语补语 (Subject Complement):由名词和起名词作用的词,短语或从句及形容词或起形容词作用的词(如分词)、短语(如形容词短语、分词短语)组成,如:
I’m a student.
They fell silent.
The story is exciting.
The little boy was badly frightened.
The problem is that I don't know his telephone number.
表语常指be动词或系动词(如:become, get, seem等)后的成分,它是对主语的描述,表示(1)与动词同时的状态;(2)动作的结果;(3)与主玉器的等同。
3.宾语(Object): 由名词和起名词作用的词、短语、或从句组成,如:
I put the bag on the desk.
I’m interested in reading.
He gave me a book for my birthday.(双宾语,me为间接宾语:动作向……发出,a book为直接宾语:动作的承受者/物)
He said that he didn’t know about this.
宾语常指动词或介词之后的成分。
4.宾语补语(Object Complement):(补充宾语,和宾语一起构成复合宾语,宾语是宾补的意思上的主语) 由短语或从句及形容词或起形容词作用的词(如分词)、短语(如形容词短语、分词短语)组成,如:
I consider him clever. 我认为他聪明 (他聪明)
I judged him a fool.
I saw him walk downstairs.
I heard him singing just now.
特别说明:以上的四种成分是英语中所有句子中的不可缺少的成分。(以五大句型为例)
英语五种基本句型列式如下:
一: S V (主+谓)
二: S V P (主+谓+表)
三: S V O (主+谓+宾)
四: S V o O (主+谓+间宾+直宾)
五: S V O C (主+谓+宾+宾补)
这五个基本句型构成了英文中的基本句子。就是1-4的成分是不可缺少的。
5.状 语(Adverbial Modifier): 由副词或起副词作用的词(分词、动词不定式等)、短语(如分词短语、介词短语、不定式短语)和从句及独立结构构成。
状语可用来修饰句中的形容词、动词、副词、或整个句子,用来表示时间、地点、方式、程度、原因、目的、结果、条件和让步等。
6.定语(Attribute):由形容词或形容词作用的词(如分词、数词、代词、名词、动词不定式、动名词、副词)、短语和从句构成。它可以修饰句中任何名词或起名词作用的词或短语,如:
Trained musicians do not have to hear every sound they proce.
The building being built nowis for those who have made great contributions to the construction of the city.
Blind people need walking sticks to help them when walking.
I need a comfortable chair to sit on .
The man over there is from America.
说明:状语和定语叫做修饰成分。在句子中是修饰而已。
7.同位语(Appositive): 一般由名词和起名词作用的词、短语和从句充当,对前一名词或名词短语进行*或描绘,如:
We students should work hard for the development of our country.
Charlie Chaplin, one of the greatest film makers, was born in 1848.
The fact that the ship’s company had seen this creature aroused great excitement.
8.独立成分(Independent Element): 指与句中其它成分没有语法联系的成分,包括肯定词,否定词,感叹词,称呼语等。