英语里面, 独立主格什么意思啊

发布网友发布时间：2022-05-26 13:50

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热心网友时间：2023-10-20 11:00

您好！概念我们称动作状态实行者为逻辑主语，称该状态为逻辑谓语，在中文翻译上与状语从句没什么区别。 “独立主格结构”是由名词或代词作为逻辑主语，加上分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成。这种结构在形式上与主句没有关系，通常称为“独立主格结构”。独立主格在实际应用中并不多见，主要出现文献中。一般外国人也不是很了解这一结构，但真的碰到了他肯定能看得懂，就像咱们如果对他毫无语法规则可言但词汇用得*不离十地说些什么他也听得懂。语法就是人的语言思维在运行过程中产生的逻辑进行整理而成的产物，是根据人们认识事物的逻辑顺序来的，从这一点上说所谓的西文思维和汉藏语思维没什么差别，因此只要通过某些例句找到语感，一些与中文思维相去甚远的句子就也都能够记住并使用了。功能 “独立主格结构”在句中的功能就相当于一个带有自己主语的非*性状语从句。众所周知非*性从句通常以主句的某一成分作为自己的逻辑主语，从而依附于主句。而有些非*性从句和无动词从句带有自己的主语，在结构上与主句不发生关系，因此成为独立主格结构。其实，虽然叫做独立主格结构，并不是真正的独立，它还是一种从属分句，在句中有多种作用。如：表原因、表条件、表方式、表伴随、表时间等，在句中通常起状语作用。独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中，其作用相当于一个状语从句，常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。例如： 1) 表示时间 The meeting being over, all of us went home. 开完会后我们都回家了。the meeting being over相当于when the meeting was over Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea. 她干完了活，坐下来喝茶。her work done相当于when her work was done 2）表示条件 The condition being favorable, he may succeed. 若条件有利，他或许能成功。If the condition is favorable 3）表示原因 There being no taxis, we had to walk. 没有出租车，我们只好步行。Since there was no taxis, He wrapped her up with great care, the night being dark and frosty. 夜又黑又冷，所以他把她裹得严严实实的。as the night was dark and frosty 4）表示伴随情况 Almost all metals are good conctors, silver being the best of all. 几乎所有的金属都是良导体，而银则是最好的导体。(=Almost all metals are good conctors,and silver is the best of all.) 5）表示补充说明 We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two. 我们加倍努力，一个人干两个人的活。 *注：独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时，相当于一个状语从句，一般放在句首，表示原因时还可放在句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末。构成名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词；Weather permitting, we will have a picnic tomorrow 名词(代词)+形容词；the condition favorable....(上有此句) 名词(代词)+副词；the meeting (being) over....（上也有此句） There being+名词 there being nothing else to do, we went home 名词(代词)+不定式；She proposed a picnic, she herself to pay the railway tickets, and Mary to provide the food. 名词(代词) +介词短语 the teacher entered the classroom, book in hand It being + 名词：It being X'mas, the government office was closed 特点 (1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。 2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即逻辑主语为动作执行者。 3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。例句举例：（一） 1) 名词/代词+形容词 The men moved slowly forward, neck deep in the water, with their officers guiding them. It stood silent in the noon sunlight, its door open. 2）名词/代词+现在分词 Winter coming, it gets colder and colder. 冬天来了，天气越来越冷了。 The rain having stopped, he went out for a walk. 雨停了，他出去散步。 The question being settled, we wound up the meeting. 问题解决之后，我们结束了会议。 3）名词/代词+过去分词 “Marquis,” said the boy, turning to the man, his eyes opened wide, and his right hand raised. 4）名词/代词（主格）+不定式 We shall assemble at ten forty-five, the procession to start moving at precisely eleven. 我们十点四十五分集合，队伍十一点准时出发。 Here are the first two volumes, the third one to come out next month. 这是前两卷，第三卷将于下月问世。 We divided the work, he to clean the windows and I to sweep the floor. 我们进行了分工，他擦窗户，我扫地。 The two boys said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to his friend’s. 两个男孩彼此道了别，一个回了家，另一个去了他朋友家。 5）名词/代词+介词短语 I followed him here, climbed in, sword in hand. The huntsman entered the forest, gun in hand. 那位猎人手里提着*走进了树林。 He sat at the table, coat off, head down, and pen in hand. 6）名词/代词+副词 Nobody in, the thief took a lot of things away. Lunch over, he left the house. But he was thinking. 7）名词/代词+名词 he fought the wolf, a stick his only weapon. 他和狼搏斗着，唯一的武器是一根棍棒。（二） The test finished, we began our holiday. = When the test was finished, we began our holiday. 考试结束了，我们开始放假。 The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. 总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。 Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. 如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。 This done, we went home. 工作完成后，我们才回家。 The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier. 会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。 He came into the room, his ears red with cold. 他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。 He came out of the library, a large book under his arm. 他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆 2. With的复合结构作独立主格表伴随时，既可用分词的独立结构，也可用with的复合结构。 with +名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语举例: He stood there, his hand raised. = He stood there, with his hand raised【rising亦可】