鲁迅的英语简介
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发布时间：2022-04-21 17:52
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热心网友
时间：2023-06-29 02:04
Life
Early life
Born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang province, Lu Xun was first named Zhou Zhangshu and later renamed Shuren, literally, "to nurture a person". He was the eldest of four brothers. His younger brother Zhou Zuoren, four years his junior, would become a notable writer in his own right.
The Shaoxing Zhou family was very well-ecated and his paternal grandfather Zhou Fuqing 周福清 held posts in the Hanling Academy; Zhou's mother, nee Lu, taught herself to read. However, after a case of bribery was exposed - in which Zhou Fuqing tried to procure an office for his son, Lu Xun's father, Zhou Boyi - the family fortunes declined. Zhou Fuqing was arrested and almost beheaded. Meanwhile, a young Zhou Shuren was brought up by an elderly servant Ah Chang, whom he called Chang Ma; one of Lu Xun favorite childhood books was the Classic of mountains and seas.
His father's chronic illness and eventual death ring Lu Xun's adolescence, apparently from alcoholism, persuaded Zhou to study medicine. Distrusting traditional Chinese medicine (which in his time was often practised by charlatans, and which failed to cure his father), he went abroad to pursue a Western medical degree at Tohoku High Medical Institute (now part of Tohoku University) in Sendai, Japan in 1904.
Lu Xun in his youth
Ecation
Lu Xun was ecated at Jiangnan Naval Academy 江南水师学堂 (1898-99), and later transferred to the School of Mines and Railways 矿路学堂 at Jiangnan Military Academy 江南陆师学堂. It was there Lu Xun had his first contacts with Western learning, especially the sciences; he studied some German and English, reading, amongst some translated books, Huxley's Evolution and Ethics, J. S. Mill's On Liberty, as well as novels like Ivanhoe and Uncle Tom's Cabin.
On a Qing government scholarship, Lu Xun left for Japan in 1902. He first attended the Kobun Gakuin (Hongwen xueyuan, 弘文学院), a preparatory language school for Chinese students attending Japanese universities. His earliest essays, written in Classical Chinese, date from here. Lu also practised some jujitsu.
Lu Xun returned home briefly in 1903. Aged 22, he complied to an arranged marriage with a local gentry girl, Zhu An 朱安. Zhu, illiterate and with bound feet], was handpicked by his mother. Lu Xun possibly never consummated this marriage, although he took care of her material needs all his life.
Sendai
Lu Xun, in the Preface to Nahan, his first story collection, revealed why he gave up pursuing a medical career. One day after class, one of his Japanese instructors screened a lantern slide documenting the imminent execution of an alleged Chinese spy ring the Russo-Japanese War, 1904-05. Lu Xun was shocked by the apathy of the Chinese onlookers; he decided it was more important to cure his compatriots' spiritual ills rather their physical diseases.
At the time, I hadn't seen any of my fellow Chinese in a long time, but one day some of them showed up in a slide. One, with his hands tied behind him, was in the middle of the picture; the others were gathered around him. Physically, they were as strong and healthy as anyone could ask, but their expressions revealed all too clearly that spiritually they were calloused and numb. According to the caption, the Chinese whose hands were bound had been spying on the Japanese military for the Russions. He was about to be decapitated as a 'public example.' The other Chinese gathered around him had come to enjoy the spectacle. (Lyell , pp 23).
Career
In May 1918, Lu Xun used his pen name for the first time and published the first major hua short story, Kuangren Riji (狂人日记, A Madman's Diary) in . He chose the surname Lu as it was his mother's maiden family name. Partly inspired by the Gogol short story, it was a scathing criticism of outdated Chinese traditions and Confucian feudalism which was metaphorically 'gnawing' at the Chinese like cannibalism.
Another of his well-known longer stories, The True Story of Ah Q (A Q Zhengzhuan, 阿Q正传), was published in the 1920s. The latter became his most famous work. Both works were included in his short story collection Na Han (呐喊) or Call to Arms, published in 1923.
Between 1924 to 1926, Lu wrote his masterpiece of ironic reminiscences, Zhaohua Xishi (朝花夕拾, Dawn Dew-light Collected at Dusk, published 1928), as well as the prose poem collection Ye Cao (野草, Wild Grass, published 1927). Lu Xun also wrote some of the stories to be published in his second short story collection Pang Huang (彷徨, Wandering) in 1926. In 1930 Lu Xun published Zhongguo Xiaoshuo Lüeshi (中国小说略史, A Concise History of Chinese Fiction), a comprehensive overview of Chinese fiction and one of the landmark pieces of twentieth-century Chinese literary criticism.
His other important works include volumes of translations — notably from Russian (he particularly admired Nikolai Gogol and made a translation of Dead Souls, and his own first story's title is inspired by a work of Gogol) — discursive writings like Re Feng (热风, Hot Wind), and many other works such as prose essays, which number around 20 volumes or more. As a left-wing writer, Lu played an important role in the history of Chinese literature. His books were and remain highly influential and popular even today. Lu Xun's works also appear in high school textbooks in Japan. He is known to Japanese by the name Rojin (ロジン in Katakana or 鲁迅 in Kanji).
Lu Xun was also the editor of several left-wing magazines such as New Youth (新青年, Xin Qingnian) and Sprouts (萌芽, Meng Ya). He was the brother of another important Chinese political figure and essayist Zhou Zuoren (周作人). Though highly sympathetic of the Chinese Communist movement, Lu Xun never joined the Communist Party of China. Because of his leanings, and of the role his works played in the subsequent history of the People's Republic of China, Lu Xun's works were banned in Taiwan until late 1980s. He was among the early supporters of the Esperanto movement in China.
Death
Lu Xun passed away in 1936. His remains were interred in a mausoleum within Lu Xun Park in Shanghai.
Style and legacy
Lu Xun's style is wry and incisive. His essays are often sardonic in his societal commentary. His mastery of the vernacular language, coupled with his expertise with tone — often refusing to occupy any easy position — make some of his literary works (like A Q Zhengzhuan, 阿Q正传, The True Story of Ah Q) truly difficult to translate.
Lu Xun's importance to modern Chinese literature lies in the fact that he contributed significantly to every modern literary genre except the novel ring his lifetime.
Thought
Lu Xun, hailed as "commander of China's cultural revolution" by Mao Zedong, is typically regarded as the most influential Chinese writer who was associated with the May Fourth Movement. He proced harsh criticism of social problems in China, particularly in his analysis of the "Chinese national character." He has often been considered to have had leftist leanings. Called by some a "champion of common humanity," he helped bring many fellow writers to support communist thought, though he never took the step of actually joining the Communist Party. It should be remarked, however, that throughout his work the indivial is given more emphasis over collectivistic concerns.
Works
Stories
from Call to Arms (1922)
"A Madman's Diary" (1918)
"Kong Yiji" (1919)
"Medicine" (1919)
"Tomorrow" (1920)
"A Small Incident" (1920)
"The Story of Hair" (1920)
" Storm in a Teacup" (1920)
"My Old Home" (1921)
"The True Story of Ah Q" (1921)
"The Double Fifth Festival" (1922)
"The White Light" (1922)
"The Rabbits and the Cat" (1922)
"The Comedy of the Ducks" (1922)
"Village Opera" (1922)
"New Year Sacrifice" (1924)
from Old Tales Retold (1935)
Mending Heaven (1935)
The Flight to the Moon (1926)
Curbing the Flood (1935)
Gathering Vetch (1935)
Forging the Swords (1926)
Leaving the Pass (1935)
Opposing Aggression (1934)
Resurrecting the Dead (1935)
Essays
Collections
Call to Arms (Na Han) (1923)
Wandering (Pang Huang) (1925)
Old Tales Retold (Gu Shi Xin Bian) (1935)
Wild Grass (Ye Cao)
Dawn Blossoms Plucked at Dusk, a collection of essays about his youth
Brief History of Chinese Fiction, a substantial study of pre-modern Chinese literature
热心网友
时间：2023-06-29 02:04
In May 1918, he used his pen name for the first time and published the first major hua short story, Kuangren Riji (狂人日记, A Madman's Diary), which was to become one of his two most famed works.
Lu Xun, hailed as "commander of China's cultural revolution" by Mao Zedong, is typically regarded as the most influential Chinese writer who was associated with the May Fourth Movement. He proced harsh criticism of social problems in China, particularly in his analysis of the "Chinese national character." He has often been considered to have had leftist leanings. Called by some a "champion of common humanity," he helped bring many fellow writers to support communist thought, though he never took the step of actually joining the Communist Party. It should be remarked, however, that throughout his work the indivial is given more emphasis over collectivistic concerns.
引自http://encycl.opentopia.com/term/Lu_Xun
热心网友
时间：2023-06-29 02:05
Chinese modern great writer, thinker and revolutionary. Old name Zhou Shuren, character Henan talent, Zhejiang Shaoxing person. Was born in 1881. In 1902 went to Japan to study abroad, the original study medicine, latter was engaged in the literary and artistic work, attempted with by to change the national spirit. In May, 1918, first time used "Lu Xun" the pen name, published in the Chinese modern literature the first vernacular novel "Diary of a Madman", has established the new-vernacular literature movement cornerstone. Around 54 movements, participates in "New youth" the magazine edition work, becomes "54" the New Culture Movement great standard-bearer. In 1930, Lu Xun participated in the China free motion big union successively, progress organization and so on the League of Left-Wing Writers' and Chinese civil rights safeguard. After at the beginning of 1936 "the Leftist Association" dismissed, responded the party the summons, positively participated in the literary world and the cultural circle against Japan nationality united front. On October 19, 1936 died of illness in Shanghai. In 1956, the party and the people's government migrated and has reconstructed the Lu Xun grave in Shanghai. Mao Zedong personally for Lu Xun grave inscription.
热心网友
时间：2023-06-29 02:05
Chinese modern great writer, thinker and revolutionary. Old name Zhou Shuren, character Henan talent, Zhejiang Shaoxing person. Was born in 1881. In 1902 went to Japan to study abroad, the original study medicine, latter was engaged in the literary and artistic work, attempted with by to change the national spirit. In May, 1918, first time used "Lu Xun" the pen name, published in the Chinese modern literature the first vernacular novel "Diary of a Madman", has established the new-vernacular literature movement cornerstone. Around 54 movements, participates in "New youth" the magazine edition work, becomes "54" the New Culture Movement great standard-bearer. In 1930, Lu Xun participated in the China free motion big union successively, progress organization and so on the League of Left-Wing Writers' and Chinese civil rights safeguard. After at the beginning of 1936 "the Leftist Association" dismissed, responded the party the summons, positively participated in the literary world and the cultural circle against Japan nationality united front. On October 19, 1936 died of illness in Shanghai. In 1956, the party and the people's government migrated and has reconstructed the Lu Xun grave in Shanghai. Mao Zedong personally for Lu Xun grave inscription.
参考资料：http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/3772517.html
热心网友
时间：2023-06-29 02:06
