9类状语从句相关知识点(附思维导图)
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发布时间:2024-09-28 02:08
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时间:2024-11-02 19:16
从句是中学英语考试的一个难点与重点,本周起对从句的相关知识点进行整理归纳,同学们可以结合自身在校所学查漏补缺。
学而时习之,相较于语法点的了解,更多的训练才是提升能力和分数的关键,所以请多加练习。
状语从句
状语是谓语的另一个附加成分,主要用于修饰动词的状态,如时间、地点、方式等。状语从句即为句子中充当状语的从句。
主要知识点逻辑如下:
和定语从句不同,状语从句“套路”比较单一,主要掌握不同类型下的引导词,并注意少数特殊情况即可。
01
时间状语从句
- When I arrived home, my mom was sleeping.
- 当我回到家时,我母亲正在睡觉。
- As soon as I arrived home, Tom closed TV.
- 我一回到家,汤姆就关了电视。
- By the time you arrived home, I had done my housework.
- 当你回到家时,我已经做完了家务。
在 no sooner ... than, scarely / hardly / barely ... when 的结构中,若 no sooner, scarely / hardly / barely 位于句首,需倒装。
- Hardly had I finished my housework when you arrived home.
- 我刚做完家务,你就回家了。
大部分情况下,till 和 until 可以互换,但位于句首时只能使用 until,且强调句(It is ...)中多用 until。
若谓语动词为瞬时动词,则必须使用否定形式(not ... until),意为 直到……才。
- I hadn't done my housework until you arrived home.
- 直到你回到家,我才做完家务。
- Until he finished the movie, you should wait.
- 直到他看完电影为止,你都必须等待。
02
地点状语从句
- He is the best student wherever he studies.
- 他在哪学习都是最好的学生。
若 where 引导的从句含有抽象含义,可放于主句之前。
- Where there is a will, there is a way.
- 有志者事竟成。
03
条件状语从句
- If it is rainy tomorrow, we shall stay at home.
- 如果明天下雨,我们就呆在家吧。
- As long as you study hard, you will get a better score.
- 只要你努力学习,你就能获得一个更好的成绩。
条件状语从句包含“虚拟语气”,之后会单独整理讲解。需要记住的是,虚拟语气指不太可能会成为现实的事情,比如:如果我是你,那我就怎样(If I were you, I would ...)
only if 引导真实条件句,意为 只要;
if only 引导虚拟条件句,意为 要是。
- Only if you study hard will you get a better score.
- 只要你努力学习,你就能获得一个更好的成绩。
- If only you had studied hard, you would get a better score.
- 要是你努力学习了(已经不可能了),你就会获得一个更好的成绩(也已经不可能了)。
04
原因状语从句
有 because, since 等词,切勿在主句中添加 so。
- Because you studied hard, you got a better score.
- 因为你努力学习了,所以你获得了一个更好的成绩。
because, since, as 都表示“因为”,语气从强到弱,若用于强调句,只可用 beacuse。
- It is because you cheat in the exam, you fail it.
- 正是因为你在考试中作弊,你才没通过。
for 引导的分句只能后置。
- Jack must be ill, for he looks like listless.
- 杰克一定是生病了,因为他看起来无精打采的。
05
让步状语从句
“让步”二字看起来很晦涩,简单说来即表转折(并不十分准确,但没有转折状语从句,所以实际上使用时不用考虑太多)。
注:第二行第二个是 even though,制作表格的时候出错了,特此更正。
although, though 等与 but不可同时使用。
- Although my grandfather has lots of money, he doesn't feel happy.
- 尽管我的祖父很有钱,但他并不感到幸福。
no matter + wh-等同于 wh-ever。
- No matter what he did, nobody liked him.
- Whatever he did, nobody liked him.
- 无论他做了什么,都没人喜欢他。
as 和 though 引导的从句,需使用倒装。
- Ugly as he is, many girls love him.
- 丑陋如他,都有很多女孩喜欢。
while 引导让步状语从句时,和 although 等意思相同,但只能用于句首。
- While I agree with your plan, I have no money to practice.
- 尽管我赞同你的计划,我却没有钱去实施。
06
方式状语从句
- Do it the way you wanted.
- 按你想做的方式去做。
- He said nothing as if he didn't care about it.
- 他什么都没说,就好像不感兴趣一样。
07
比较状语从句
as 和 than 引导的比较状语从句中,常常省略谓语。
- I'm as tall as Jack (is).
- 我和杰克一样高。
- I run faster than Jack (does).
- 我比杰克跑得快。
08
目的状语从句
- I study hard, so that I won't fail the exam.
- 我努力学习是为了不在考试中落榜。
09
结果状语从句
结果状语从句和目的状语从句比较类似,都使用 so that 等进行引导,需加以区分。
- I studied hard, so that I passed the exam.
- 我努力学习,所以通过了考试。(可与前面目的状语从句中的例句比较)
- He is so angry that no one want to speak to him.
- 他怒火中烧,以至于没人想跟他说话。
- He is so angry that he can't speak.
- He is too angry to speak.
- 他太生气了以至于说不出话。