用到的所有关于Na,Ca,Mg的化学方程式 全一点,
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发布时间:2024-10-07 07:55
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时间:2024-11-25 04:29
高中化学所有的化学方程式
一. 非金属单质(F2,Cl2,O2,S,N2,P,C,Si)
1、氧化性:
F2+H2===2HF F2+Xe(过量)===XeF2 2F2(过量)+Xe===XeF4
nF2+2M===2MFn(表示大部分金属) 2F2+2H2O===4HF+O2
2F2+2NaOH===2NaF+OF2+H2O F2+2NaCl===2NaF+Cl2
F2+2NaBr===2NaF+Br2 F2+2NaI===2NaF+I2 F2+Cl2(等体积)===2ClF
3F2(过量)+Cl2===2ClF3 7F2(过量)+I2===2IF7
Cl2+H2===2HCl 3Cl2+2P===2PCl3 Cl2+PCl3===PCl5
Cl2+2Na===2NaCl 3Cl2+2Fe===2FeCl3 Cl2+2FeCl2===2FeCl3
Cl2+Cu===CuCl2 2Cl2+2NaBr===2NaCl+Br2 Cl2+2NaI===2NaCl+I2
5Cl2+I2+6H2O===2HIO3+10HCl Cl2+Na2S===2NaCl+S
Cl2+H2S===2HCl+S Cl2+SO2+2H2O===H2SO4+2HCl Cl2+H2O2===2HCl+O2
2O2+3Fe===Fe3O4 O2+K===KO2
S+H2===H2S 2S+C===CS2 S+Fe===FeS S+2Cu===Cu2S
3S+2Al===Al2S3 S+Zn===ZnS
N2+3H2===2NH3 N2+3Mg===Mg3N2 N2+3Ca===Ca3N2
N2+3Ba===Ba3N2 N2+6Na===2Na3N N2+6K===2K3N
N2+6Rb===2Rb3N
P4+6H2===4PH3 P+3Na===Na3P 2P+3Zn===Zn3P2
2、还原性
S+O2===SO2 S+H2SO4(浓)===3SO2+2H2O
S+6HNO3(浓)===H2SO4+6NO2+2H2O 3S+4HNO(稀)===3SO2+4NO+2H2O
N2+O2===2NO
4P+5O2===P4O10(常写成P2O5) 2P+3X2===2PX3(X表示F2,Cl2,Br2)
PX3+X2===PX5 P4+20HNO3(浓)===4H3PO4+20NO2+4H2O
C+2F2===CF4 C+2Cl2===CCl4 2C+O2(少量)===2CO
C+O2(足量)===CO2 C+CO2===2CO C+H2O===CO+H2(生成水煤气)
2C+SiO2===Si+2CO(制得粗硅)
Si(粗)+2Cl===SiCl4 (SiCl4+2H2===Si(纯)+4HCl) Si(粉)+O2===SiO2
Si+C===SiC(金刚砂) Si+2NaOH+H2O===Na2SiO3+2H2
3、(碱中)歧化
Cl2+H2O===HCl+HClO(加酸抑制歧化,加碱或光照促进歧化)
Cl2+2NaOH===NaCl+NaClO+H2O Cl2+2Ca(OH)2===CaCl2+Ca(ClO)2+2H2O
3Cl2+6KOH(热,浓)===5KCl+KClO3+3H2O 3S+6NaOH===2Na2S+Na2SO3+3H2O
4P+3KOH(浓)+3H2O===PH3+3KH2PO2
11P+15CuSO4+24H2O===5Cu3P+6H3PO4+15H2SO4
3C+CaO===CaC2+CO 3C+SiO2===SiC+2CO
二.金属单质(Na,Mg,Al,Fe)的还原性
2Na+H2===2NaH 4Na+O2===2Na2O 2Na2O+O2===2Na2O2
2Na+O2===Na2O2 2Na+S===Na2S(爆炸) 2Na+2H2O===2NaOH+H2
2Na+2NH3===2NaNH2+H2 4Na+TiCl4(熔融)===4NaCl+Ti
Mg+Cl2===MgCl2 Mg+Br2===MgBr2 2Mg+O2===2MgO
Mg+S===MgS Mg+2H2O===Mg(OH)2+H2
2Mg+TiCl4(熔融)===Ti+2MgCl2 Mg+2RbCl===MgCl2+2Rb
2Mg+CO2===2MgO+C 2Mg+SiO2===2MgO+Si Mg+H2S===MgS+H2
Mg+H2SO4===MgSO4+H2
2Al+3Cl2===2AlCl3 4Al+3O2===2Al2O3(钝化)
4Al(Hg)+3O2+2xH2O===2(Al2O3.xH2O)+4Hg(铝汞齐)
4Al+3MnO2===2Al2O3+3Mn 2Al+Cr2O3===Al2O3+2Cr 2Al+Fe2O3===Al2O3+2Fe
2Al+3FeO===Al2O3+3Fe 2Al+6HCl===2AlCl3+3H2
2Al+3H2SO4===Al2(SO4)3+3H2
2Al+6H2SO4(浓)===Al2(SO4)3+3SO2+6H2O(Al,Fe在冷,浓的H2SO4,HNO3中钝化)
Al+4HNO(稀)===Al(NO3)3+NO+2H2O 2Al+2NaOH+2H2O===2NaAlO2+3H2
2Fe+3Br2===2FeBr3 Fe+I2===FeI2 Fe+S===FeS
3Fe+4H2O(g)===Fe3O4+4H2 Fe+2HCl===FeCl2+H2 Fe+CuCl2===FeCl2+Cu
Fe+SnCl4===FeCl2+SnCl2(铁在酸性环境下,不能把四氯化锡完全还原为单质锡Fe+SnCl2==FeCl2+Sn)
三.非金属氢化物(HF,HCl,H2O,H2S,NH3)
1、还原性:
4HCl(浓)+MnO2===MnCl2+Cl2+2H2O 4HCl(g)+O2===2Cl2+2H2O
16HCl+2KMnO4===2KCl+2MnCl2+5Cl2+8H2O
14HCl+K2Cr2O7===2KCl+2CrCl3+3Cl2+7H2O
2H2O+2F2===4HF+O2 2H2S+3O2(足量)===2SO2+2H2O
2H2S+O2(少量)===2S+2H2O 2H2S+SO2===3S+2H2O
H2S+H2SO4(浓)===S+SO2+2H2O 3H2S+2HNO(稀)===3S+2NO+4H2O
5H2S+2KMnO4+3H2SO4===2MnSO4+K2SO4+5S+8H2O
3H2S+K2Cr2O7+4H2SO4===Cr2(SO4)3+K2SO4+3S+7H2O
H2S+4Na2O2+2H2O===Na2SO4+6NaOH
2NH3+3CuO===3Cu+N2+3H2O 2NH3+3Cl2===N2+6HCl
8NH3+3Cl2===N2+6NH4Cl 4NH3+3O2(纯氧)===2N2+6H2O
4NH3+5O2===4NO+6H2O 4NH3+6NO===5N2+6HO(用氨清除NO)
NaH+H2O===NaOH+H2 4NaH+TiCl4===Ti+4NaCl+2H2
CaH2+2H2O===Ca(OH)2+2H2
2、酸性:
4HF+SiO2===SiF4+2H2O(此反应广泛应用于测定矿样或钢样中SiO2的含量)
2HF+CaCl2===CaF2+2HCl
H2S+Fe===FeS+H2 H2S+CuCl2===CuS+2HCl H2S+2AgNO3===Ag2S+2HNO3
H2S+HgCl2===HgS+2HCl H2S+Pb(NO3)2===PbS+2HNO3
H2S+FeCl2===FeS+2HCl
2NH3+2Na==2NaNH2+H2 (NaNH2+H2O===NaOH+NH3)
3、碱性:
NH3+HCl===NH4Cl NH3+HNO3===NH4NO3 2NH3+H2SO4===(NH4)2SO4
NH3+NaCl+H2O+CO2===NaHCO3+NH4Cl(此反应用于工业制备小苏打,苏打)
4、不稳定性:
2HF===H2+F2 2HCl===H2+Cl2 2H2O===2H2+O2 2H2O2===2H2O+O2
H2S===H2+S 2NH3===N2+3H2