发布网友 发布时间:2022-05-18 19:37
共3个回答
热心网友 时间:2023-10-27 07:26
以自由扩散的方式进出细胞。
这种说法不对!水分子是极性物质,不可能自由扩散通过脂相的非极性的细胞膜!水分子是通过细胞膜特定的蛋白质通道计入细胞的! 国内细胞生物学教材对此的叙述早已过时!
细胞膜通透性实际上主要是因为其上的各种蛋白质构成的特定的泵或通道,除了类固醇激素这样的非极性小分子可以直接穿透生物膜外,其他具有分子结构物质基本上无法直接穿过生物膜(各类生物膜能自由通过的非极性小分子的分子量也有所不同。磷酸无法穿透生物膜,它是细胞内蛋白质、糖等生物大分子的一种重要修饰成分,甘油一般可以自由通过膜。
水分子通过细胞膜不是自由通过膜,而是通过特定的蛋白质组成的水通道(Aquaporin)。这方面的文献很多,有本书:Stefan Hohmann,Søren Nielsen ,and Peter Agre edit,Aquaporins,Academic Press,2001,可以参考。
具体可见:
Aquaporins--- A Molecular Entry into Plant Water Relations-Plant Physiology, January 2001, Vol. 125, pp. 135–138,
全文下载:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1539345/pdf/hw0135.pdf
从上文摘录一段:
“Figure 1. Aquaporins facilitate the diffusion of water and small
neutral solutes across plant cell membranes. The resial permeabil-
ity of the lipid membrane to these molecules is also indicated. The
capacity of some aquaporins to transport solutes was demonstrated
using test molecules such as glycerol and urea, and the physiological
significance of this property is not yet clearly understood (see text).
Plant aquaporins similar to their animal counterparts are thought to
form tetramers, each monomer being functionally independent. The
putative structure of an aquaporin monomer with six tilted
membrane-spanning domains is shown. Studies on the structure of
human AQP1 suggest that the two connecting loops that contain the
highly conserved Asn-Pro-Ala motifs dip into the membrane and
form part of the aqueous pore.”
图贴不上来。
参考资料:
1. Stefan Hohmann,Søren Nielsen ,and Peter Agre edit,Aquaporins,Academic Press,2001 ;
2.Aquaporins--- A Molecular Entry into Plant Water Relations-Plant Physiology, January 2001, Vol. 125, pp. 135–138,
热心网友 时间:2023-10-27 07:26
以自由扩散的方式进出细胞。热心网友 时间:2023-10-27 07:27
被动运输的 自由扩散进去的