发布网友 发布时间:2022-04-26 21:42
共1个回答
热心网友 时间:2023-11-06 14:49
亲,乃不能这样说的……不是先有的诺贝尔奖、图灵奖、菲尔兹奖再对应的Nobel Prize, Turing Award, Fields Medal;而是国人在将这些奖项从英语翻译到汉语时通通加了一个“奖”字儿来描述这玩意儿是个“奖项”。因为汉语对于某个奖项的表达很简单粗暴呀,就一个“奖”字儿了事儿,通俗易懂!只是变换一下奖前面的那个词儿,就可以变身各种奖了~万变不离其奖宗。嘛……先弄清楚这个翻译当中的先后关系,咱来看看prize, award和medal的区别:medal和prize, award的区别度还是很高的—— Fields Medal,全名 The International Medals for Outstanding Discoveries in Mathematics,medal从词义上讲,就是“奖章,勋章”的意思,从这里可以与prize和award做一个区分。一般而言,以xxx medal命名的奖项可能是以奖章作为重要的鼓励形式之一的,奖章在其中占用比较重要的地位;然而这样说也有问题,禁不起推敲,不能逆推做说发了奖章的就一定会是xxx medal(比如诺贝尔奖就包括金质奖章、证书和奖金),所以只是可能理解为在以xxx medal命名的奖项里,那块奖章的地位是比较高的。Fields Medal 菲尔兹奖奖章Priestley Medal 普利斯特里奖奖章区分了容易分辨的,再来看prize和award的区别:同做名词时的词源:award: late 14c., "decision after consideration," from Anglo-French award, Old French esguard, from esguarder. Meaning "something awarded" is first attested 1590s.prize: "reward," prise (c.1300 in this sense), from Old French pris "price, value, worth; reward". As an adjective, "worthy of a prize," from 1803. The spelling with -z- is from late 16c. Prize-fighter is from 1703; prize-fight from 1730 (prize-fighter from 1785).感觉award在词义上更偏向于“奖励”,由大家评选,给出类拔萃者一个奖励;而prize则更倾向于是“奖赏”,因达成了某件事情而得到相应的回报。