关于主谓的句子（英语）57
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发布时间：2023-09-26 08:40
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时间：2023-10-18 09:55
主谓一致是指：
a. 语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。
b. 意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。
c. 就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语，
一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。
There is much water in the thermos.
但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。
Ten thousand tons of coal were proced last year.
1 、并列结构作主语时谓语用复数
Reading and writing are very important.
注意： 当主语由 and 连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数， and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。
The iron and steel instry is very important to our life.
典型例题
The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
答案 B. 注： 先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时，先排除 A. ， C. 。本题易误选 D ，因为 The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人，但仔细辨别， monitor 前没有 the ，在英语中，当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用 and 相连。这样本题主语为一个人，所以应选 B 。
2 、主谓一致中的靠近原则
1 ）当 there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。
There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk..
There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.
2 ）当 either… or… 与 neither… nor ， 连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。 如果句子是由 here, there 引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。
Either you or she is to go.
Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.
3 、谓语动词与前面的主语一致
当主语后面跟有 with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词引起的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。
The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.
He as well as I wants to go boating.
4 、谓语需用单数
1 ） 代词 each 和由 every, some, no, any 等构成的复合代词作主语，或主语中含有 each, every, 谓语需用单数。
Each of us has a tape-recorder.
There is something wrong with my watch.
2 ） 当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数。
The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English.
<< 天方夜谭 >> 是英语爱好者熟悉的一本好书。
3 ） 表示金钱，时间，价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语 时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数。 ( 用复数也可，意思不变。 )
Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.
Ten yuan is enough.
5 、指代意义决定谓语的单复数
1 ） 在代词 what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all 等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。
All is right. ( 一切顺利。 )
All are present. ( 所有人都到齐了。 )
2 ） 集体名词作主语时，谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如 family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee 等词后用复数形式时，意为这个集体中的各个成员，用单数时表示该个集体。
His family isn't very large. 他家不是一个大家庭。
His family are music lovers. 他的家人都是音乐爱好者。
但集合名词 people, police, cattle, poultry 等在任何情况下都用复数形式。
Are there any police around?
3 ）有些名词，如 variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数，有时看作复数。
A number of + 名词复数 + 复数动词。
The number of + 名词复数 + 单数动词。
A number of books have lent out.
The majority of the students like English.
6 、与后接名词或代词保持一致
1 ） 用 half of, part of, most of, a portion of 等词引起主语时，动词通常与 of 后面的名词，代词保持一致。
Most of his money is spent on books.
Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.
2 ） 在一些短语，如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的词作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式。但由 more than… of 作主语时，动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。
Many a person has read the novel. 许多人都读过这本书。
More than 60 percent of the students are from the city. 百分之六十多的学生都来自这个城市。
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