一件小事 鲁迅
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发布时间：2022-04-26 02:34
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时间：2022-05-01 15:52
鲁迅
我从乡下跑到京城里，一转眼已经六年了。其间耳闻目睹的所谓国家大事，算起来也很不少；但在我心里，都不留什么痕迹，倘要我寻出这些事的影响来说，便只是增长了我的坏脾气，——老实说，便是教我一天比一天的看不起人。
但有一件小事，却于我有意义，将我从坏脾气里拖开，使我至今忘记不得。
这是*六年的冬天，大北风刮得正猛，我因为生计关系，不得不一早在路上走。一路几乎遇不见人，好容易才雇定了一辆人力车，教他拉到S门去。不一会，北风小了，路上浮尘早已刮净，剩下一条洁白的大道来，车夫也跑得更快。刚近S门，忽而车把上带着一个人，慢慢地倒了。
跌倒的是一个女人，花白头发，衣服都很破烂。伊从马路上突然向车前横截过来；车夫已经让开道，但伊的破棉背心没有上扣，微风吹着，向外展开，所以终于兜着车把。幸而车夫早有点停步，否则伊定要栽一个大斤斗，跌到头破血出了。
伊伏在地上；车夫便也立住脚。我料定这老女人并没有伤，又没有别人看见，便很怪他多事，要自己惹出是非，也误了我的路。
我便对他说，“没有什么的。走你的罢！”
车夫毫不理会，——或者并没有听到，——却放下车子，扶那老女人慢慢起来，搀着臂膊立定，问伊说：
“你怎么啦？”
“我摔坏了。”
我想，我眼见你慢慢倒地，怎么会摔坏呢，装腔作势罢了，这真可憎恶。车夫多事，也正是自讨苦吃，现在你自己想法去。
车夫听了这老女人的话，却毫不踌躇，仍然搀着伊的臂膊，便一步一步的向前走。我有些诧异，忙看前面，是一所巡警分驻所，大风之后，外面也不见人。这车夫扶着那老女人，便正是向那大门走去。
我这时突然感到一种异样的感觉，觉得他满身灰尘的后影，刹时高大了，而且愈走愈大，须仰视才见。而且他对于我，渐渐的又几乎变成一种威压，甚而至于要榨出皮袍下面藏着的“小”来。
我的活力这时大约有些凝滞了，坐着没有动，也没有想，直到看见分驻所里走出一个巡警，才下了车。
巡警走近我说，“你自己雇车罢，他不能拉你了。”
我没有思索的从外套袋里抓出一大把铜元，交给巡警，说，“请你给他……”
风全住了，路上还很静。我走着，一面想，几乎怕敢想到自己。以前的事姑且搁起，这一大把铜元又是什么意思？奖他么？我还能裁判车夫么？我不能回答自己。
这事到了现在，还是时时记起。我因此也时时煞了苦痛，努力的要想到我自己。几年来的文治武力，在我早如幼小时候所读过的“子曰诗云”⑵一般，背不上半句了。独有这一件小事，却总是浮在我眼前，有时反更分明，教我惭愧，催我自新，并且增长我的勇气和希望。
一九二○年七月。⑶
□注释
⑴本篇最初发表于一九一九年十二月一日北京《晨报·周年纪念增刊》。
⑵“子曰诗云”：“子曰”即“夫子说”；“诗云”即“《诗经》上说”。泛指儒家古籍。这里指旧时学塾的初级读物。
⑶据报刊发表的年月及《鲁迅日记》，本篇写作时间当在一九一九年十一月。
[编辑本段]写作背景及思想感情
鲁迅先生的《一件小事》的写作背景是：1919年，五四运动爆发。这场运动使得知识分子在劳动人民身上找到了革新中华民族的希望所在，因而提出了“劳工神圣”的口号。学生若不了解这样的背景，一般只会把它看作一曲人力车夫正直无私品德的颂歌，而不会将之上升到赞扬劳动人民，提倡知识分子必须向劳动人民学习的高度。
[编辑本段]英文版
A SMALL INCIDENT
(From the "Call to Arms" collection)
translated by Yang Xianyi and Gladys Yang)
Six years have slipped by since I came from the country to the
capital. During that time the number of so-called affairs of state I
have witnessed or heard about is far from small, but none of them made
much impression. If asked to define their influence on me, I can only
say they made my bad temper worse. Frankly speaking, they taught me
to take a poorer view of people every day.
One small incident, however, which struck me as significant and
jolted me out of my irritability, remains fixed even now in my memory.
It was the winter of 1917, a strong north wind was blustering,
but the exigencies of earning my living forced me to be up and out
early. I met scarcely a soul on the road, but eventually managed to
hire a rickshaw to take me to S-Gate. Presently the wind dropped a
little, having blown away the drifts of st on the road to leave a
clean broad highway, and the rickshaw man quickened his pace. We were
just approaching S-Gate when we knocked into someone who slowly
toppled over.
It was a grey-haired woman in ragged clothes. She had stepped
out abruptly from the roadside in front of us, and although the rick-
shaw man had swerved, her tattered padded waistcoat, unbuttoned and
billowing in the wind, had caught on the shaft. Luckily the rickshaw
man had slowed down, otherwise she would certainly have had a bad fall
and it might have been a serious accident.
She huddled there on the ground, and the rickshaw man stopped.
As I did not believe the old woman was hurt and as no one else had
seen us, I thought this halt of his uncalled for, liable to land him
trouble and hold me up.
"It's all right," I said. "Go on."
He paid no attention - he may not have heard - but set down the
shafts, took the old woman's arm and gently helped her up.
"Are you all right?" he asked.
"I hurt myself falling."
I thought: I saw how slowly you fell, how could you be hurt?
Putting on an act like this is simply disgusting. The rickshaw man
asked for trouble, and now he's got it. He'll have to find his own
way out.
But the rickshaw man did not hesitate for a minute after hearing
the old woman's answer. Still holding her arm, he helped her slowly
forward. Rather puzzled by his I looked ahead and saw a police-
station. Because of the high wind, there was no one outside. It was
there that the rickshaw man was taking the old woman.
Suddenly I had the strange sensation that his sty retreating
figure had in that instant grown larger. Indeed, the further he
walked the larger he loomed, until I had to look up to him. At the
same time he seemed graally to be exerting a pressure on me which
threatened to overpower the small self hidden under my fur-lined gown.
Almost paralysed at that juncture I sat there motionless, my mind
a blank, until a policeman came out. Then I got down from the rick-
shaw.
The policeman came up to me and said, "Get another rickshaw. He
can't take you any further."
On the spur of the moment I pulled a handful of coppers from my
coat pocket and handed them to the policeman. "Please give him this,"
I said.
The wind had dropped completely, but the road was still quiet.
As I walked along thinking, I hardly dared to think about myself.
Quite apart from what had happened earlier, what had I meant by that
handful of coppers? Was it a reward? Who was I to judge the rickshaw
man? I could give myself no answer.
Even now, this incident keeps coming back to me. It keeps dis-
tressing me and makes me try to think about myself. The politics and
the fighting of those years have slipped my mind as completely as the
classics I read as a child. Yet this small incident keeps coming back
to me, often more vivid than in actual life, teaching me shame, spur-
ring me on to reform, and imbuing me with fresh courage and fresh
hope.
July 1920
《一件小事》的特点是短小精悍，内容警策深邃。全文仅一千字左右，作品描写的是日常生活中的一件小事。在歌颂下层劳动人民崇高品质的同时，还反映了知识分子的自我反省，表现出真诚向劳动人民学习的新思想。在五四运动时期能有如此认识是很不寻常的，具有深远的社会意义。本篇的写作特点，一是运用对比手法，将车夫和“我”对于同一件事的不同态度进行对照，显露出“我”自私自利的渺小，映射出车夫的光明磊落，敢做敢当，关心别人的高大形象。这种对比的妙处在于以间接而含蓄的笔墨突出劳动者的朴实无私。在表现形式上，本篇好似一篇速写画，又近于当代的“小小说”，短小精悍，清新可人而意味深长；情节真实可信，成为现代小说中传颂最广的名篇之一。
