英语的问题6
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发布时间:2023-09-20 09:21
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热心网友
时间:2024-11-28 22:57
1.让老师给你推荐一本适合你的语法书,根据你的实际情况安排不同知识点的学习
2.如果有条件,找本校的老师给你补课,有些东西自己弄很久都还是很乱,但是只要老师点一点就清楚了,一定要相信老师在这方面的长处
热心网友
时间:2024-11-28 22:57
一时难得说清楚,我建议你可以自己去买一本语法书呀^-^不贵噢……那样你就可以把每个知识点都知道了哈哈^-^
祝你成功!
热心网友
时间:2024-11-28 22:58
对方的防守的防守的
热心网友
时间:2024-11-28 22:58
问题英文
热心网友
时间:2024-11-28 22:59
1) 表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。
2) 根据其在句中的功能,动词可分为四类,分别是:
实义动词(Notional Verb)、
定义:
实义动词与系动词是相对的,系动词亦称连系动词(Link Verb),作为系动词,它本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语(亦称补语),构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。实义动词意思完全,能独立用作谓语。实义动词有及物动词和不及物动词(及物动词是指后面要求有直接宾语的动词;不及物动词指后面不需要跟宾语的动词) 即行为动词,表示动作的动词。它分为及物动词和不及物动词两种
[编辑本段]分类
简介
实义动词:及物动词(带宾语);不及物动词(不带宾语)。
及物动词
后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词,叫做及物动词(transitive verb)。如: I believe that the committee will consider our suggestion.我相信委员会将会考虑我们的建议。 “How long can I keep the book ?”Harry asked.哈里问:“这本书我可以借多久?” Dr. Bethune set us a good example. 白求恩大夫给我们树立了好榜样。 Crude oil contains many useful substances.原油含有许多有用的物质。
不及物动词
本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词,叫做不及物动词(intransitive verb)。如: Birds fly.鸟会飞。 It happened in June 1932.这件事发生于一九三二年六月。 My watch stopped.我的表停了。 She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening. 她在昨天晚上的会上发了言。 3)兼作及物动词和不及物动词 英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。这样的动词又有两种不同的情况: a)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,意义不变。试比较: Shall I begin at once?我可以立刻开始吗?(begin作不及物动词) She began working as a librarian after she left school.她毕业后当图书馆管理员。(began作及物动词) When did they leave Chicago?他们是什么时候离开芝加哥的?(leave 作及物动词) They left last week. 他们是上周离开的。(left 作不及物动词) b)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,有时意义不尽相同。如: Wash your hands before meals.饭前要洗手。 Does this cloth wash well? 这布经得起洗吗? 4) 与汉语的比较 有时英语动词的及物和不及物的用法,与汉语的用法不一样,请注意下列两种情况: a)有的动词在英语里只能用作不及物动词,而汉语则可用作及物动词,如arrive到达,agree同意,1isten听。英语里这些动词后面常接介词。如: We arrived at the railway station at noon.我们于中午到达火车站。(at不能省去)(比较:We reached the railway station at noon.) Everybody listened to the lecture with great interest.每个人都很有兴趣地听讲课。(to不可省去)(比较:We all heard the lecture.) Do they agree to the plan?他们同意这个计划吗?(to不可省去) b)有的动词在英语里能用作及物动词,而在汉语里则不能用作及物动词,如serve为…服务。 Our children are taught to serve the people wholeheartedly.我们的儿童被教以全心全意为人民服务
[编辑本段]实义动词的用法
实义动词词义完整,能独立作谓语,可分成:及物动词(transitive verb)和不及物动词(intransitive verb)。
1.及物动词要求有宾语
①Mr.Smith gave his wife twenty pounds for her birthday.史密斯先生给了他的妻子20英镑过生日。 ②He asked the teacher a few questions.他向老师问了几个问题。 ③We have friends all over the world.我们的朋友遍天下。 ④Children and young people like bright colors.孩子和年轻人喜欢亮丽的颜色。
2.不及物动词不要求宾语
① Most shops in Britain open at 9:00 A.m. and close at 5:00 or 5:30 in the evening .英国大部分商店九点开门,晚五点或五点半关门。 ②George's father lives there.乔治的爸爸住在那里。 ③Let's go home.我们回家吧。 ④The examination ended at 11:30 A.m.考试上午十一点半结束。
3.特殊实义动词
英语动词很多既是及物动词又是不及物动词,如 close, begin, study, leave, work等。 ①The post office closes at 9:00 p. m.邮局晚上9点关门。 ②Close the window, please.请关窗。 ③Shall we begin now?我们现在开始吗? ④ Bill began working as a sailor after he left school.比尔毕业后当水手。 ⑤They left yesterday.他们昨天离开的。 ⑥When did you leave Washington?你什么时候离开华盛顿的? ⑦The students study hard.这些学生学习努力。 ⑧The students study English and German.这些学生学习英语和德语。 ⑨He works in a supermarket.他在一家超市工作。 ⑩He works the machine on Mondays.他星期一操作这台机器。 3。实义动词,也叫行为动词。就我们现在所学的内容来讲,实义动词所在的句子中一般不存在be动词。也就是在含有实义动词的句子变否定句或疑问句时,一定不能用be动词。那么,实义动词究竟怎样用呢?正如be动词随着主语的变化可变为am、is、are一样,实义动词在肯定句中,也要随着主语的变化而变化。当主语为第三人称单数he,she, it时,实义动词要变为相应的第三称单数;当主语为非第三人称单数I, you(你), we,you(你们) they时,实义动词要用动词的原形。而在变否定句和疑问句时,不能直接在动词上变,而是要借助另一类动词:助动词do、does。 (1)肯定句: ① I have a blue book. ② He has a brother. ③ She wants to be a teacher. ④ They like to play basketball. (2)否定句:主语+don’t/doesn’t+动词原形。其中do/does为助动词,是来帮助实义动词构成否定或疑问句的,但加了do/does后,其后面的动词必须用动词原形。 ① I have a blue book.(变为否定句)→I don’t have a blue book. ② He has a brother. (变为否定句)→He doesn’t have ③ She wants to be a teacher. (变为否定句)→She doesn’t want to be a teacher. ④ They like to play basketball. (变为否定句)→They don’t like to play basketball. (3)一般疑问句:Do/Does +主语+动词原形+其他?句中加了do/does后,其后面的动词还是必须用动词原形。 ① I have a blue book.(变为一般疑问句)→Do you have a blue book? ② He has a brother. (变为一般疑问句)→Does he have a brother? ③ My brother does his homework before supper. (变为一般疑问句)→Does your brother do his homework before supper? ④ She wants to be a teacher. (变为一般疑问句)→Does she want to be a teacher? ⑤ They like to play basketball. (变为一般疑问句)→Do they like to play basketball? (4)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句? ① Your sister likes English best because it’s interesting. (对划线部分提问) →Why does your sister like English best? ② He does his homework before supper. (对划线部分提问)→When does he do his homework? 注意:当含有and引导的短语在句中做谓语或宾语,我们把这类句子变否定句时,必须把and变为or.如: (1)He can swim and dance. (变为否定句)→He can’t swim or dance. (2)My father likes English and math. (变为否定句) →My father doesn’t like English or math.
系动词(Link Verb)、
系动词
系动词亦称联系动词(Link Verb),作为系动词,它本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语(亦称补语),构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。
说明:
有些系动词又是实义动词,该动词表达实义时,有词义,可单独作谓语,例如:
He fell ill yesterday.
他昨天病了。(fell是系动词,后跟补足语,说明主语情况。)
He fell off the ladder.
他从梯子上摔下来。fell是实义动词,单独作谓语。
1)状态系动词
用来表示主语状态,只有be一词,例如:
He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。(is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。)
2)持续系动词
用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如:
He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。
This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。
3)表像系动词
用来表示"看起来像"这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look, 例如:
He looks tired. 他看起来很累。
He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。
4)感官系动词
感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如:
This kind of cloth feels very soft.
这种布手感很软。
This flower smells very sweet.
这朵花闻起来很香。
5)变化系动词
这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.
例如:
He became mad after that. 自那之后,他疯了。
She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。
6)终止系动词
表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, trun out, 表达"证实","变成"之意,例如:
The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。
The search proved difficult. 搜查证实很难。
His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。(turn out表终止性结果)
助动词(Auxiliary Verb)、
Do you 后面一般跟一般现在时句子,那么他的谓语就是动词原形,比如Do you like me?
Are you 提问的意思是你是。。。或者你在干什么,也就是说他后面不能跟动词原形,而需要加ING或者过去分词形式
比如Are you Mr long?
Are you talking to me?
英语的一般疑问句是将系动词或者助动词提前来表示的。
<br>1.用系动词提前:本身句子中含有be的,包括变形形式:are,is,am,过去时态的were,was
<br>2.用助动词提前:本身句子中没有be的,一般现在时(加do或does,本身没有do或does),一般过去时(加did,本身没有did),现在完成时(have提前,本身有have),过去完成时,本身有had)。
Do 是实意动词的一般疑问句疑问词
Are 是系动词的一般疑问句疑问词
Do you...........一般是问你做……?
Are you.........一般是问你是……?
情态动词(Modal Verb)。
一.shall和will的用法
1、shall 用在第一、三人称,will 用于第二人称表示“征求意见”。
Shall I go now?
Shall we invite her, too?
Will you help me with the work?
Shall the reporters wait outside or what?
2、shall表示依据规定有义务去做。
Passengers shall not talk with the driver while the bus is moving.
3、shall 用于所有人称,表示说话人的许诺、威胁、警告、命令等。
You shall have an answer by tomorrow.
If he’s good, he shall have a new watch for Christmas.
If you children don’t do as I tell you, you shan’t go to the party.
4、would 可以表示过去的习惯(would 可表示反复发生的动作或某种倾向。used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态,强调现在已不存在)
He would come to see me on Sunday when he was here.
The dog would lie there in the sun all afternoon.
When we were children, we would go skating every winter.
5、will可以表示“愿意”,而非将来:
I will pay you for it.
我会付给你钱买下它的。
Go where you will.
到你愿意去的地方。
We’re going on a climbing trip. Come if you will.
6、will可以表示倾向、习惯(总是会,老是等意思)
Sometimes the cat will lie there all morning.
Oil and water will not mix.
This machine won’t work.
二、can/could 的用法
1、表示具备某种能力。
The nine-year old boy can swim across the river.
Can you swim across the river?
We couldn’t get the truck to start.
2、表示“征询对方意见”和“允许”(could 语气委婉)。回答不用 could.
Can /could I smoke here? Yes, you can. No, you cannot.
Could you tell me where John is?
3、表示“可能性”。(否定句疑问句常见,肯定句也可以)
Can/Could it be true?
那会/可能是真的。
That can’t/couldn’t be true.
那不可能是真的。
Will you answer the phone? It could be your mother.
三.may/might 的用法
1、表示“征询对方意见”和“允许”。
May I turn on the TV?
Yes, of course. Yes, you can/may.
No, you can’t/may not /mustn’t /I’m afraid not.
You may go home now.
2、表示可能性,“也许”。常用于肯定句。
You may/might have some fever.
你也许发烧了。
He said that the news might be true.
他说这消息可能是真的。
They may/might be having a bath.
他们也许正在洗澡。
四.must的用法
1、表示“必须
Patients must use medicine according to the doctor’s orders.
2、表示推测,只用于肯定句。在否定句或疑问句中,用can/could:
There must be a mistake.
Can/Could there be a mistake
There can’t/couldn’t be a mistake.
He must be over sixty now.
They must be watching the news now.
They can’t/couldn’t be watching the news now.
3、注意must 的回答:
Must the ladies wear dresses?
yes, they must. No, they don’t have to. / they needn’t.
Can/May I come in? No, you can’t / mustn’t.
4.表示禁止。
Children mustn’t go across the street alone.
五.表示“推测”的表达法总结
(1)表示对现在和将来状况的推测:must 一定,may 可能,might 也许,can’t 不可能。
(2)对已经过去的情况的推测,用“情态动词+have+ done”结构:
① must have done
过去一定已经…(只用于肯定句中)
② can’t / couldn’t have done
过去不可能--- (表示否定)
③ may/might have done
可能已经----
④ needn’t have done
本来不必做---
⑤ could have done
那时本来可以…(在肯定句中,不可用can)
⑥ should have done
本来应该做---(实际未做)
⑦ shouldn’t / oughtn’t to have done
本不应该做-----(实际做了)
例如:
He must have been drinking beer.
他肯定一直喝啤酒来着。
The money can’t have been lost there.
钱不可能是在那儿丢的。
He may have gone to bed.
他可能已经上床睡觉了。
She might not have settled the problem.
她可能尚未解决那个问题。
We could have solved the problem in a more reasonable fashion.
You should have come here ten minutes earlier.
She should / ought to have gone there alone.
六、need的用法
1、作为情态动词,need一般只用于否定句和疑问句中。
You needn’t try to explain. Need we stay here this evening?
2、Need 作为实意动词可用在所有句型中。
She needs to come tomorrow.
You don’t need any help from others. Do they need this?
七、dare的用法
1.做情态动词,通常用于疑问句,否定句和条件状语从句中。
Dare he swim across the river?
He dare not come to see me.
How dare you be so rude! 你竟敢如此无礼!
2.做实意动词:
Do you dare to ask her? 你敢问她吗?
He didn’t dare to go. 他不敢去。
八.should/ought to的用法
两者大多数情况下可以互换。
1、表示道义上的责任,义务或要求,有时表示劝告。
如:
You ought to /should pay more attention to what your lawyer says.
This word is spelt wrongly. There should be another “s”.
2. 表示推测和可能性,是“应该”之意。
This pen ought to /should be yours. 这支笔应该是你的。
If the train is up to time, John should/ought to be here any minute now. 如果火车晚点的话,John现在马上就应该到了。
3、表示讲话人惊奇,失望,愤怒等感情:
What’s happened to that money? How should I know?
那些钱怎么了?-我怎么知道?
It’s strange that he should have lost his temper for such trivial things as that.
真奇怪,他竟然为这么小的事情发脾气。
Why should I believe you?
我为什么要相信你?