发布网友 发布时间:2023-07-14 01:33
共1个回答
热心网友 时间:2023-10-02 08:32
一、要注意被动语态的不同时态,被动语态由“be+过去分词”,其中的助动词 be 根据情况可使用各种不同时态。如:,She is respected by everyone. 她受到大家的尊重。(一般现在时),The book will be reprinted soon. 这本书很快会重印。(一般将来时),The road is being repaired. 路正在修整。(现在进行时),They have been given a warning. 他们受到警告。(现在完成时),二、要注意带情态动词的被动语态,该结构的基本形式为“情态动词+be(或be的适当形式)+过去分词”。这类结构非常有可能作为语境题出现在考卷中。如:,The rules must be obeyed. 这些规章制度必须遵守。,They shouldn’t have been told about it. 这事是不应当告诉他们的。,三、要注意非谓语动词的被动语态,1. 不定式一般式的被动语态。由“to be+过去分词”构成。如:,She asked to be given some work to do. 她要求给她一些工作做。,He was the last person to be asked to speak. 他是最后被邀请发言的人。,2. 不定式完成式的被动语态。由“to have been+过去分词”构成。如:,I should like to have been told the result earlier. 我本想让人把结果早点告诉我的。,3. 现在分词一般式的被动语态。由“being+过去分词”构成。如:,I saw him being taken away. 我看见有人把他带走了。,Being protected by a wall, he felt quite safe. 有墙作保护,他感到很安全。,4. 现在分词完成式的被动语态。由“having been+过去分词”构成。如:,Having been invited to speak, I’ll start making preparations tomorrow. 因为邀请我去讲话,我明天就得做准备。,The subject having been opened,he had to go on with it. 话题已经开始了,他不得不谈下去。,5. 动名词一般式的被动语态。由“being+过去分词”构成。如:,She likes being looked at. 她喜欢被人瞧。,He hates being made a fool of. 他讨厌被别人愚弄。,This question is far from being settled. 这个问题远没解决。,6. 动名词完成式的被动语态。由“having been+过去分词”构成。如:,Jenny’s not having been trained as a dancer is her one regret. 杰妮没受过舞蹈的专业训练是她感到遗憾的事。,After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence. 在接到把车开出城的指令后,我开始信心十足了。,注:过去分词没有被动式,因为它本身可以表示被动意义。如:,The door remained locked. 门仍然锁着。,四、要注意“get+过去分词”构成的被动语态,英语被动语态通常由“助动词be+过去分词”构成,有时也可用“get+过去分词”构成。如:,James got beaten last night. 詹姆斯昨晚被打了。,How did that window get opened? 那个窗户是如何打开的?,但总的说来,用get构成的被动语态不如用be构成的被动语态常见,尤其是在含有施动者的by短语时,用get构成被动语态更是少见。不过有时用be+过去分词构成被动语态构成误解时,人们可能会选get+过去分词来避免这种误解:,The window was broken. 窗户破了(表状态)。/ 窗户被打破了(表动作),The window got broken. 窗户被打破了(表动作),五、要注意哪些动词不用于被动语态,1. 不及物动词没有被动语态。因为不及物动词没有宾语,所以若将其用于被动语态则没有主语,故不能用于被动语态。但是值得注意的是,有些英语中的不及物动词,译成汉语时却可能是“及物”的,很容易出错,这类动词如:take place(发生),happen(发生),e about(发生),break out(爆发),appear(出现),disappear(消失),last(持续),arise(出现,发生)等:,Influenza usually breaks out in winter. 流感通常发生在冬季。,Use this money when the need arises. 有需要时就使用这笔钱。,2. 英语中的静态动词(如have, lack, fit, hold, suit, resemble 等)通常不用于被动语态:,My shoes don’t fit me. 我的鞋不合适。,The young man lacks experience. 这个年轻人缺乏经验。