需要5个濒临绝种的动植物的介绍(要英文哦)
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发布时间：2022-04-30 13:46
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热心网友
时间：2022-06-22 18:45
The final resting place of the last sky seaside sparrow is a glass bottle in the Ornithology Collection at the Florida Museum of Natural History. The bird's eyes are heavily mantled, and its feathers have been ruffled by the alcohol that nearly fills the bottle. A paper tag states that the bird, an old male, died on June 16, 1987. Three and a half years after that sparrow's death, a terse entry appeared in the Federal Register announcing that the sky seaside sparrow was now extinct and had been removed from the federal government's list of endangered and threatened wildlife. Neither the bird nor its critical habitat—the salt marshes of Florida's Merritt Island, which is also the home of the John F. Kennedy Space Center—would be protected any longer by the Endangered Species Act.
What killed the sparrows of Merritt Island? In a word, improvements. No one ate the sky seaside sparrow or hunted it for sport. Its nests weren't vandalized, nor was it suddenly preyed upon by a newly introced predator. But by spraying with DDT to control mosquitoes and building impoundments that allowed freshwater vegetation to take over the salt marshes, humans adjusted the ecosystem—hoping to improve their own lives—and discovered, too late, how finely attuned to its home in the cordgrass the sky seaside sparrow really was. That last bottled sparrow is what a species looks like when its habitat has vanished for good.
翻译：梅里特岛上的麻雀已不复见。最后一只黑海滩雀的长眠之地，是一只属于佛罗里达自然史博物馆鸟类典藏的玻璃瓶。这只鸟的眼睛上了厚厚的漆，羽毛被几乎填满瓶子的酒精弄得很凌乱；一张标签纸载明这只年老的公鸟死于1987年6月16日。它死后三年半，一项简单扼要的条目出现在美国的《联邦公报》上，宣布黑海滩雀已经灭绝，并从联邦*濒临绝种及受威胁的野生动物名单上剔除。无论是这种鸟本身，或是它的关键栖地——佛罗里达州梅里特岛上的盐沼，这里也是肯尼迪太空中心的所在地——将不再受到《濒绝物种法》的保护。是什么杀死了梅里特岛的麻雀？一言以蔽之就是环境的改善。没有人食用黑海滩雀或是拿猎杀它作为消遣；它的巢并未遭到破坏；它也没有突然被新出现的捕食者猎食。然而人类藉喷洒DDT抑制蚊子与建造封闭水塘让淡水植被取代盐沼而改变了生态系统，希望藉此改善自己的生活，却太晚才发现黑海滩雀在这片带状草地上曾经活得多么自在。一个物种的栖地永远消失后，下场就会像瓶中那只最后的麻雀。
2.非洲珍稀斑马濒临灭绝
Outbreaks of deadly anthrax exacerbated by a searing drought that has hit east Africa has killed scores of rare Grevy's zebras in Kenya and is threatening the endangered species with extinction, wildlife officials and scientists have said.
The zebras, known for their narrow stripes and large ears, are dying of anthrax at an alarming rate in the scrub-peppered, sprawling plains in and around Kenya's central Samburu National Reserve, one of their last remaining habitats, and more are feared to have perished further north, they said.
"They have died in the dozens in the northern part of the reserve and their carcasses are littered all over," said Fred Perezo Sunday, who administers Samburu for the Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS). "They face extinction."
Fewer than 5,000 Grevy's zebras are believed to live in the wild, nearly all of them in the vicinity of Samburu, about 230 kilometers (145 miles) north of Nairobi, and further north towards Kenya's border with Ethiopia.
The region is one of the worst-affected by the drought that has killed at least 40 people, threatens millions with famine, decimated livestock herds and placed Kenya's famed world-reknowned wildlife at risk.
In addition to drying up watering holes and making food scarce, the drought has stirred up naturally occuring anthrax spores from the parched earth, which are now exacting a heavy toll on the Grevy's zebra, a species less hardy than its mountain and plain cousins, officials said.
According to a report prepared by KWS and the African Wildlife Foundation (AWF), an acute form of equine anthrax began appearing in animals around Samburu in December as the zebras began mixing with livestock in competition for dwindling water and pasture.
In the course of one week in early December, seven Grevy's zebras were found dead in the reserve and many of their carcasses indicated that blood had oozed from their body orifices before death, a characteristic of anthrax, it said.
"It is very unusual for this species to die in large numbers," the AWF said, warning that immediate steps needed to be taken to prevent the anthrax from spreading.
Since that report was issued in late December, many more Grevy's zebras have died, according to Perezo who said urgent action was needed to remove and destroy their anthrax-contaminated carcasses in order to rece the chance of other animal and human infection.
翻译：肯尼亚野生动物保护组织的*及科学家们日前表示，最近一段时间内肆虐于东非大地的严重干旱天气使生活在肯尼亚境内的珍稀细斑纹斑马出现了大批死亡的现象，而在兽群中突然爆发的炭疽热疫情则进一步加剧了这一趋势，并使得这种本已处于濒危状态的物种面临彻底灭绝的厄运。
据法新社1月22日报道，肯尼亚动物保护组织*及科学家们称，在位于肯尼亚中部桑布鲁国家公园及其周边的长满灌木丛的广阔平原上，这种以细条纹和长耳朵而闻名于世的斑马正在以令人担忧的速度死于炭疽热，而桑布鲁国家公园正是它们最后几个主要聚居地之一。更使人们担心的，还有更多的斑马因天气干旱而在肯尼亚北部地区死亡。被肯尼亚野生动物服务部门(KWS)派往桑布鲁执行管理职责的弗雷德·佩雷佐·桑戴表示，“在位于北部地区的那些野生动物保护区里已经有很多斑马死掉了，它们的尸体随处可见”，“它们真的快要灭绝了”。
目前，野生环境下生活的细条纹斑马据信已不足5000只，它们中的绝大部分都生活在位于肯尼亚首都内罗毕以北约230公里处的桑布鲁国家公园及其周边地带，以及临近肯尼亚与埃塞俄比亚交界处的更靠北的地区。而这些地方恰好也是近段时间旱情最为严重的地区之一。干旱使得至少已有40人丧生，数百万人面临饥饿的威胁，大量牲畜成群死亡，而一向令肯尼亚享誉全球的野生动物资源也被处于高度危险的状态。
3.树袋熊
Koalas, an iconic symbol of Australia, face extinction as rapid urbanization along the eastern seaboard destroys their fragile habitat, environmental activists have warned.
The Australian Koala Foundation has written to the government urging it to declare the koala a vulnerable species after a survey of 1,000 koala habitats found 30 percent no longer had a koala in them and 60 percent had suffered widespread destruction.
"I truly believe that in my lifetime the koala will become extinct unless we do something," Deborah Tabarat, executive director of the foundation, told reporters.
Koalas are protected by law but the eucalyptus trees they call home and which provide their only source of food are not.
There are about 100,000 koalas in Australia, down from an estimated 7 million to 10 million at the time of white settlement in 1788. In the 1920s 3 million koalas were shot for their fur.
Wild koalas only exist in four of Australia's six states: Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria and South Australia.
The marsupial has no natural predator but has been in decline for decades e to urban sprawl and from car accidents and dog attacks.
More than 4,000 koalas are killed each year by dogs and cars, said the foundation on its Web site.
The most robust koala population on the Australian mainland exists in southeast Queensland and numbers about 10,000, but it too faces extinction in 15 years, said Tabarat.
翻译：环保主义者提出警告，东海岸的迅速城市化破坏了树袋熊脆弱的栖息环境，树袋熊——澳大利亚的象征——濒临灭绝。
在对1000处树袋熊栖息地进行调查后，澳大利亚树袋熊保护基金会写信给*，迫切要求*宣布将树袋熊列为濒危物种。该调查发现，有30%的栖息地中已经找不到一只树袋熊了，还有60%也已遭到大规模破坏。
基金会执行理事黛博拉·塔巴拉特告诉记者说：“我确信，如果我们再不采取措施的话，在我的有生之年，树袋熊将会灭绝。”
树袋熊是受法律保护的，但是桉树作为它们的家园，同时也是它们唯一的食物来源，却没有受到法律的保护。
澳大利亚现在约有十万只树袋熊，比起1788年白种人殖民地时期大大下降，当时估计有七百万到一千万。二十世纪二十年代，三百万只树袋熊因毛皮被射杀。
野生树袋熊仅存于澳大利亚六个州中的四个，它们是昆士兰、新南威尔士、维多利亚和南澳大利亚。
这种有袋动物并没有自然天敌，但其数量在过去几十年间逐渐减少，主要原因是城市的扩张、车祸和狗的袭击。
树袋熊保护基金会在其网站上公布，每年死在车轮之下和被狗咬死的树袋熊超过4000只。
澳洲*上树袋熊种群最兴旺的地区是昆士兰州东南部，有大约一万只，但塔拉巴特说，这里的树袋熊也将在十五年内濒临灭绝。
4.刚果境内河马濒临灭绝
Only 887 hippos are left in Congo, once home to the world's largest population of the water-loving mammal, and they will be extinct in the African country, an international environmental group warned Monday.
Hippos are being killed by government soldiers, local militia and poachers, the World Wildlife Fund said. The meat is sold as food while teeth end up as part of the illegal ivory trade. Hippos fetch around $50 per animal.
翻译：世界野生动物基金会9月12日发出警告说，目前在非洲刚果境内仅剩下887只河马，它们处境危险，濒临灭绝。
据美联社9月12日报道，该基金会表示，在刚果境内，河马的命运危在旦夕。这里曾经是世界上最大的河马种群生活的地方，而现在它们却受到了士兵、民兵和偷猎者的捕杀。在这里，河马肉被作为食品出售，河马牙则被拔下来成为非法象牙贸易的一部分。
5.以色列著名珊瑚群频临灭绝
In their heyday, the corals along the shores of the Israeli Red Sea resort of Eilat were a hot spot for divers drawn by one of the most spectacular and biologically diverse reefs in the world.
Today Eilat's corals are facing extinction and the colorful translucent fish are disappearing because of what environmentalists say is a lucrative fish-farm instry in the region's waters.
"It was one of the most beautiful reefs in the world and believe me I've seen them all. It was a pearl and it's really very painful to see it dying," said Professor Yossi Loya, an internationally renowned coral ecologist.
He and other experts say Eilat's reefs will soon be wiped out unless the government swiftly closes companies that breed some five million fish a year in cages and are operating without permits.
翻译：以色列红海旅游胜地埃拉特沿岸的珊瑚群在繁盛时期曾经是潜水爱好者们热衷的地方，他们被这片世界上最壮观、最千姿百态的珊瑚礁所吸引。
然而如今，埃拉特的珊瑚群正濒临灭绝，色彩繁多、晶莹剔透的鱼儿也正在消失，环境保护主义者认为这是由于该海域有利可图的养鱼业造成的。
世界著名的珊瑚生态学家犹西·洛亚教授说：“埃拉特的珊瑚礁是世界上最美丽的珊瑚礁之一，相信我，我全看过了。它曾像珍珠一样美丽，眼看着它日渐消亡真是件非常痛苦的事。”
他和其他专家都认为，如果*不能尽快关闭那些每年撒网饲养约五百万条鱼的无证经营的公司，埃拉特的珊瑚礁将很快消失。
热心网友
时间：2022-06-22 18:46
参考资料：http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/75628617.html
热心网友
时间：2022-06-22 18:46
The final resting place of the last sky seaside sparrow is a glass bottle in the Ornithology Collection at the Florida Museum of Natural History. The bird's eyes are heavily mantled, and its feathers have been ruffled by the alcohol that nearly fills the bottle. A paper tag states that the bird, an old male, died on June 16, 1987. Three and a half years after that sparrow's death, a terse entry appeared in the Federal Register announcing that the sky seaside sparrow was now extinct and had been removed from the federal government's list of endangered and threatened wildlife. Neither the bird nor its critical habitat—the salt marshes of Florida's Merritt Island, which is also the home of the John F. Kennedy Space Center—would be protected any longer by the Endangered Species Act.
What killed the sparrows of Merritt Island? In a word, improvements. No one ate the sky seaside sparrow or hunted it for sport. Its nests weren't vandalized, nor was it suddenly preyed upon by a newly introced predator. But by spraying with DDT to control mosquitoes and building impoundments that allowed freshwater vegetation to take over the salt marshes, humans adjusted the ecosystem—hoping to improve their own lives—and discovered, too late, how finely attuned to its home in the cordgrass the sky seaside sparrow really was. That last bottled sparrow is what a species looks like when its habitat has vanished for good.
翻译：梅里特岛上的麻雀已不复见。最后一只黑海滩雀的长眠之地，是一只属于佛罗里达自然史博物馆鸟类典藏的玻璃瓶。这只鸟的眼睛上了厚厚的漆，羽毛被几乎填满瓶子的酒精弄得很凌乱；一张标签纸载明这只年老的公鸟死于1987年6月16日。它死后三年半，一项简单扼要的条目出现在美国的《联邦公报》上，宣布黑海滩雀已经灭绝，并从联邦*濒临绝种及受威胁的野生动物名单上剔除。无论是这种鸟本身，或是它的关键栖地——佛罗里达州梅里特岛上的盐沼，这里也是肯尼迪太空中心的所在地——将不再受到《濒绝物种法》的保护。是什么杀死了梅里特岛的麻雀？一言以蔽之就是环境的改善。没有人食用黑海滩雀或是拿猎杀它作为消遣；它的巢并未遭到破坏；它也没有突然被新出现的捕食者猎食。然而人类藉喷洒DDT抑制蚊子与建造封闭水塘让淡水植被取代盐沼而改变了生态系统，希望藉此改善自己的生活，却太晚才发现黑海滩雀在这片带状草地上曾经活得多么自在。一个物种的栖地永远消失后，下场就会像瓶中那只最后的麻雀。
2.非洲珍稀斑马濒临灭绝
Outbreaks of deadly anthrax exacerbated by a searing drought that has hit east Africa has killed scores of rare Grevy's zebras in Kenya and is threatening the endangered species with extinction, wildlife officials and scientists have said.
The zebras, known for their narrow stripes and large ears, are dying of anthrax at an alarming rate in the scrub-peppered, sprawling plains in and around Kenya's central Samburu National Reserve, one of their last remaining habitats, and more are feared to have perished further north, they said.
"They have died in the dozens in the northern part of the reserve and their carcasses are littered all over," said Fred Perezo Sunday, who administers Samburu for the Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS). "They face extinction."
Fewer than 5,000 Grevy's zebras are believed to live in the wild, nearly all of them in the vicinity of Samburu, about 230 kilometers (145 miles) north of Nairobi, and further north towards Kenya's border with Ethiopia.
The region is one of the worst-affected by the drought that has killed at least 40 people, threatens millions with famine, decimated livestock herds and placed Kenya's famed world-reknowned wildlife at risk.
In addition to drying up watering holes and making food scarce, the drought has stirred up naturally occuring anthrax spores from the parched earth, which are now exacting a heavy toll on the Grevy's zebra, a species less hardy than its mountain and plain cousins, officials said.
According to a report prepared by KWS and the African Wildlife Foundation (AWF), an acute form of equine anthrax began appearing in animals around Samburu in December as the zebras began mixing with livestock in competition for dwindling water and pasture.
In the course of one week in early December, seven Grevy's zebras were found dead in the reserve and many of their carcasses indicated that blood had oozed from their body orifices before death, a characteristic of anthrax, it said.
"It is very unusual for this species to die in large numbers," the AWF said, warning that immediate steps needed to be taken to prevent the anthrax from spreading.
Since that report was issued in late December, many more Grevy's zebras have died, according to Perezo who said urgent action was needed to remove and destroy their anthrax-contaminated carcasses in order to rece the chance of other animal and human infection.
翻译：肯尼亚野生动物保护组织的*及科学家们日前表示，最近一段时间内肆虐于东非大地的严重干旱天气使生活在肯尼亚境内的珍稀细斑纹斑马出现了大批死亡的现象，而在兽群中突然爆发的炭疽热疫情则进一步加剧了这一趋势，并使得这种本已处于濒危状态的物种面临彻底灭绝的厄运。
据法新社1月22日报道，肯尼亚动物保护组织*及科学家们称，在位于肯尼亚中部桑布鲁国家公园及其周边的长满灌木丛的广阔平原上，这种以细条纹和长耳朵而闻名于世的斑马正在以令人担忧的速度死于炭疽热，而桑布鲁国家公园正是它们最后几个主要聚居地之一。更使人们担心的，还有更多的斑马因天气干旱而在肯尼亚北部地区死亡。被肯尼亚野生动物服务部门(KWS)派往桑布鲁执行管理职责的弗雷德·佩雷佐·桑戴表示，“在位于北部地区的那些野生动物保护区里已经有很多斑马死掉了，它们的尸体随处可见”，“它们真的快要灭绝了”。
目前，野生环境下生活的细条纹斑马据信已不足5000只，它们中的绝大部分都生活在位于肯尼亚首都内罗毕以北约230公里处的桑布鲁国家公园及其周边地带，以及临近肯尼亚与埃塞俄比亚交界处的更靠北的地区。而这些地方恰好也是近段时间旱情最为严重的地区之一。干旱使得至少已有40人丧生，数百万人面临饥饿的威胁，大量牲畜成群死亡，而一向令肯尼亚享誉全球的野生动物资源也被处于高度危险的状态。
3.树袋熊
Koalas, an iconic symbol of Australia, face extinction as rapid urbanization along the eastern seaboard destroys their fragile habitat, environmental activists have warned.
The Australian Koala Foundation has written to the government urging it to declare the koala a vulnerable species after a survey of 1,000 koala habitats found 30 percent no longer had a koala in them and 60 percent had suffered widespread destruction.
"I truly believe that in my lifetime the koala will become extinct unless we do something," Deborah Tabarat, executive director of the foundation, told reporters.
Koalas are protected by law but the eucalyptus trees they call home and which provide their only source of food are not.
There are about 100,000 koalas in Australia, down from an estimated 7 million to 10 million at the time of white settlement in 1788. In the 1920s 3 million koalas were shot for their fur.
Wild koalas only exist in four of Australia's six states: Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria and South Australia.
The marsupial has no natural predator but has been in decline for decades e to urban sprawl and from car accidents and dog attacks.
More than 4,000 koalas are killed each year by dogs and cars, said the foundation on its Web site.
The most robust koala population on the Australian mainland exists in southeast Queensland and numbers about 10,000, but it too faces extinction in 15 years, said Tabarat.
翻译：环保主义者提出警告，东海岸的迅速城市化破坏了树袋熊脆弱的栖息环境，树袋熊——澳大利亚的象征——濒临灭绝。
在对1000处树袋熊栖息地进行调查后，澳大利亚树袋熊保护基金会写信给*，迫切要求*宣布将树袋熊列为濒危物种。该调查发现，有30%的栖息地中已经找不到一只树袋熊了，还有60%也已遭到大规模破坏。
基金会执行理事黛博拉·塔巴拉特告诉记者说：“我确信，如果我们再不采取措施的话，在我的有生之年，树袋熊将会灭绝。”
树袋熊是受法律保护的，但是桉树作为它们的家园，同时也是它们唯一的食物来源，却没有受到法律的保护。
澳大利亚现在约有十万只树袋熊，比起1788年白种人殖民地时期大大下降，当时估计有七百万到一千万。二十世纪二十年代，三百万只树袋熊因毛皮被射杀。
野生树袋熊仅存于澳大利亚六个州中的四个，它们是昆士兰、新南威尔士、维多利亚和南澳大利亚。
这种有袋动物并没有自然天敌，但其数量在过去几十年间逐渐减少，主要原因是城市的扩张、车祸和狗的袭击。
树袋熊保护基金会在其网站上公布，每年死在车轮之下和被狗咬死的树袋熊超过4000只。
澳洲*上树袋熊种群最兴旺的地区是昆士兰州东南部，有大约一万只，但塔拉巴特说，这里的树袋熊也将在十五年内濒临灭绝。
4.刚果境内河马濒临灭绝
Only 887 hippos are left in Congo, once home to the world's largest population of the water-loving mammal, and they will be extinct in the African country, an international environmental group warned Monday.
Hippos are being killed by government soldiers, local militia and poachers, the World Wildlife Fund said. The meat is sold as food while teeth end up as part of the illegal ivory trade. Hippos fetch around $50 per animal.
翻译：世界野生动物基金会9月12日发出警告说，目前在非洲刚果境内仅剩下887只河马，它们处境危险，濒临灭绝。
据美联社9月12日报道，该基金会表示，在刚果境内，河马的命运危在旦夕。这里曾经是世界上最大的河马种群生活的地方，而现在它们却受到了士兵、民兵和偷猎者的捕杀。在这里，河马肉被作为食品出售，河马牙则被拔下来成为非法象牙贸易的一部分。
5.以色列著名珊瑚群频临灭绝
In their heyday, the corals along the shores of the Israeli Red Sea resort of Eilat were a hot spot for divers drawn by one of the most spectacular and biologically diverse reefs in the world.
Today Eilat's corals are facing extinction and the colorful translucent fish are disappearing because of what environmentalists say is a lucrative fish-farm instry in the region's waters.
"It was one of the most beautiful reefs in the world and believe me I've seen them all. It was a pearl and it's really very painful to see it dying," said Professor Yossi Loya, an internationally renowned coral ecologist.
He and other experts say Eilat's reefs will soon be wiped out unless the government swiftly closes companies that breed some five million fish a year in cages and are operating without permits.
翻译：以色列红海旅游胜地埃拉特沿岸的珊瑚群在繁盛时期曾经是潜水爱好者们热衷的地方，他们被这片世界上最壮观、最千姿百态的珊瑚礁所吸引。
然而如今，埃拉特的珊瑚群正濒临灭绝，色彩繁多、晶莹剔透的鱼儿也正在消失，环境保护主义者认为这是由于该海域有利可图的养鱼业造成的。
世界著名的珊瑚生态学家犹西·洛亚教授说：“埃拉特的珊瑚礁是世界上最美丽的珊瑚礁之一，相信我，我全看过了。它曾像珍珠一样美丽，眼看着它日渐消亡真是件非常痛苦的事。”
他和其他专家都认为，如果*不能尽快关闭那些每年撒网饲养约五百万条鱼的无证经营的公司，埃拉特的珊瑚礁将很快消失。
参考资料：：http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/75628617.html
