F1中英文词汇(要专业 官方的)
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发布时间：2022-05-01 17:30
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时间：2022-06-20 07:59
The study of airflow over and around an object and an intrinsic part of Formula One car design.
空气动力学是对物体四周以及加载在其上的气流研究，它也是F1赛车设计的灵魂所在
Apex 弯道顶点
The middle point of the inside line around a corner at which drivers aim their cars.
位于弯道内侧线的中点，是车手驾驶赛车理想行驶路线的经过处
Appeal 上诉
An action that a team takes on its drivers' behalf if it feels that they have been unfairly penalised by the race officials.
这是当车队认为自己受到赛会不公正处罚时，车队对维护车手利益的一种举措
Ballast 压舱物
Weights fixed around the car to maximise its balance and bring it up to the minimum weight limit.
为尽可能保持车身重量平衡和满足最轻车身重量要求，而对赛车各处进行重量修整用的物体
Bargeboard 侧箱整流板
The piece of bodywork mounted vertically between the front wheels and the start of the sidepods to help smooth the airflow around the sides of the car.
在前车轮与侧箱起始点之间垂直安装的一个车身组件（扰流板之类），以使车身侧部的气流更加平稳
Blistering 过热（使赛车轮胎脱皮 ）
The consequence of a tyre, or part of a tyre, overheating. Excess heat can cause rubber to soften and break away in chunks from the body of the tyre. Blistering can be caused by the selection of an inappropriate tyre compound (for example, one that is too soft for circuit conditions), too high tyre pressure, or an improperly set up car.
轮胎的一种严重后果，或者说轮胎的的部分过热。多余的热量会造成橡胶变软以及使橡胶从轮胎中剥落。造成脱皮的现象可能是由于错误地选择了轮胎合成物质（例如，对于环形路况过软的轮胎是不适合的），过高的轮胎气压，又或者是不正确的车身较调等原因。
Bodywork 车体（可不可以理解为车身组件呢？）
The carbon fibre sections fitted onto the monocoque before the cars leave the pits, such as the engine cover, the cockpit top and the nosecone.
赛车在驶出维修站之前给单体车身安装的碳纤维组件，例如像引擎机罩，驾驶舱顶部和前鼻锥。
Bottoming 托底
When a car's chassis hits the track surface as it runs through a sharp compression and reaches the bottom of its suspension travel.
当车身底盘与赛道表面发生刮擦时，是因为赛车此时正急剧的挤压，并且正好位于车身悬挂行程的低点。
Brake balance 制动平衡
A switch in the cockpit to alter the split of the car's braking power between the front and the rear wheels according to a driver's wishes.
位于驾驶舱内的一个转换开关，可以由车手意愿单独控制前后车轮的制动力度。
Chassis 底盘
The main part of a racing car to which the engine and suspension are attached is called the chassis.
底盘－大家应该都司空见惯了，F1的车子也得使这一玩意，它是用于承载引擎以及悬挂系统的一赛车重要组成部分。
Chicane 减速弯（组合弯？）
A tight sequence of corners in alternate directions. Usually inserted into a circuit to slow the cars, often just before what had been a high-speed corner.
一组在不同方向上的紧凑衔接的弯道。通常将其布局在赛道的目的就是减缓赛车车速，一般处于高速赛段后。
Clean air 无扰流气体（平稳气体环境）
Air that isn't turbulent, and thus offers optimum aerodynamic conditions, as experienced by a car at the head of the field.
这个东东并不是乱流，所以可以为最佳空气动力提供条件，例如像经验老道地行驶在阵容的前部。
Cockpit 驾驶舱
The section of the chassis in which the driver sits.
底盘中车手乘坐的部分。
Compound 复合材料（轮胎面）
Tread compound is the part of any tyre in contact with the road and therefore one of the major factors in deciding tyre performance. The ideal compound is one with maximum grip but which still maintains rability and heat resistance. A typical Formula One race compound will have more than ten ingredients such as rubbers, polymers, sulphur, carbon black, oil and other curatives. Each of these includes a vast number of derivatives any of which can be used to a greater or lesser degree. Very small changes to the mix can change compound performance.
轮胎贴地复合材料是轮胎中与赛道路面最为密切的部分，因此它是决定轮胎性能的主要因素之一。理想的复合材料就是要使轮胎获得最大的抓地力，但又能保持良好的耐久力和耐热性。一般的F1方程式赛车的复合胎面材料拥有上十种配料，例如：橡胶、高分子材料、硫、黑烟末、油和其他添加物质。这里的每种材料都包含了大量的衍生物质，任何一种都可以不同程度量多或量少地进行配比使用。混合配比中非常小的变化就能改变复合材料的性能。
Diffuser 气流扩散装置
The rear section of the car's floor or undertray where the air flowing under the car exits. The design of the diffuser is crucial as it controls the speed at which the air exits. The faster its exit, the lower the air pressure beneath the car, and hence the more downforce the car generates.
赛车底盘或者底部的后端部分，是气流从车身下方流出的出口。因为它能控制气流的离开速度，所以它的设计是非常关键的。气流离开速度愈快，气流在车身下方的顶升压力就愈小，可以使赛车获得更大的下压力。
Downforce 下压力
The aerodynamic force that is applied in a downwards direction as a car travels forwards. This is harnessed to improve a car's traction and its handling through corners.
当赛车向前运行时，向下方向加载在车身上的一组空气动力。它对提升赛车牵引力以及过弯性能是非常有用的。
Drag 风阻
The aerodynamic resistance experienced as a car travels forwards.
赛车运行时所受到的空气动力阻力。
Drive-through penalty 穿越维修站处罚
One of two penalties that can be handed out at the discretion of the Stewards whilst the race is still running. Drivers must enter the pit lane, drive through it complying with the speed limit, and re-join the race without stopping.
在比赛进行中，赛会组织可以给出两种处罚，其中之一就是车手以规则要求的限定速度穿过维修通道然后再重新投入比赛，并且期间不允许进站。(这个过程一般要多消耗车手20多秒的时间)
Flat spot 磨平点
The term given to the area of a tyre that is worn heavily on one spot after a moment of extreme braking or in the course of a spin. This ruins its handling, often causing severe vibration, and may force a driver to pit for a replacement set of tyres.
这个专业术语用于描述轮胎磨损严重区域，一般发生在紧急制动后或者在车身打转过程中。它会破坏赛车的操控性，经常造成严重的车身震动，并可能使车手*进站更换轮胎。
Formation lap 编队圈（热胎圈）
The lap before the start of the race when the cars are driven round from the grid to form up on the grid again for the start of the race. Sometimes referred to as the warm-up lap or parade lap.
在正式比赛之前，每辆赛车从起点发车行驶一圈后，再重新依次排好名次以准备开始正赛。有时也被称为热胎圈或者是队列圈。
G-force G力 （加速度，以1个重力G为基本单位）
A physical force equivalent to one unit of gravity that is multiplied ring rapid changes of direction or velocity. Drivers experience severe G-forces as they corner, accelerate and brake.
在快速变向或变速过程中，车手受到的外力是多项作用力叠加的结果，一般以一个重力加速度为单位。车手在转弯、加速和刹车时就能感受到这种剧烈的加速度。
Graining 轮胎颗粒化
When a car slides, it can cause little bits or rubber ('grains') to break away from the tyre's grooves. These then stick to the tread of the tyre, effectively separating the tyre from the track surface very slightly. For the driver, the effect is like driving on ball bearings. Careful driving can clear the graining within a few laps, but will obviously have an effect on the driver's pace. Driving style, track conditions, car set-up, fuel load and the tyre itself all play a role in graining. In essence, the more the tyre moves about on the track surface (ie slides), the more likely graining is.
当赛车侧滑时，轮胎沟槽处的一些小片或细小颗粒的橡胶就会从轮胎上挣脱。然后这些小颗粒就紧紧贴在轮胎表面，这就事实上使轮胎与赛道有轻微的脱离。对车手而言，那种感觉就像是坐在滚珠轴承上。稳当的驾驶一定距离就能够将颗粒清除，但是这显然会打乱车手的节奏。驾驶风格、赛道路况、车身较调、载油量和轮胎本身都是有可能造成轮胎颗粒化的原因。事实上，赛车在赛道上滑动愈多（例如侧滑），轮胎颗粒化的现象就愈严重。
Gravel trap 砂石缓冲带
A bed of gravel on the outside of corners designed with the aim of bringing cars that fall off the circuit to a halt.
在弯道外侧一般要设计砂石带，可以使从赛道甩出的赛车停止下来，总的说就是起到缓冲作用。
Grip 抓地力
The amount of traction a car has at any given point, affecting how easy it is for the driver to keep control through corners.
在任意一已知位置赛车所拥有的牵引力总和，直接决定车手在过弯时的操控难易程度。
Installation lap 测试圈
A lap done on arrival at a circuit, testing functions such as throttle, brakes and steering before heading back to the pits without crossing the finish line.
一般车队一抵达赛道，就会让赛车完成一圈以测试其功能，例如油门、制动装置和转向等。（一圈末了直接驶回维修站而不用穿过终点线）
Jump start 抢发车（偷跑 ）
When a driver moves off his grid position before the five red lights have been switched off to signal the start. Sensors detect premature movement and a jump start earns a driver a penalty.
在五盏红灯熄灭－－发车信号给出之前就开始移动为抢发车。传感器可以检测到每量赛车是否提早移动，如果“偷跑”将会给车手相应的处罚。
KERS 运动能量回收系统
Kinetic Energy Recovery Systems, or KERS, are legal from 2009 onwards. KERS recover waste kinetic energy from the car ring braking, store that energy and then make it available to propel the car. The driver has access to the additional power for limited periods per lap, via a 'boost button' on the steering wheel.
动态能量回收系统，或作缩写KERS，是从09年开始实行的法规。KERS能够在赛车刹车时回收其损耗能量，加以储存并使其能有效地驱动赛车。车手必须在每圈限定的时间内通过方向盘上的“驱动按钮”使用该能源。
题外话：一直高度商业化的F1现如今也“参杂”了一点公共事业的责任感，并且以赛车性能为代价，于我看来FIA对KERS的强制使用有点“鸡肋”之嫌，不管怎么说，做总比不做好！
Left-foot braking 左脚刹车
A style of braking made popular in the 1990s following the arrival of hand clutches so that drivers could keep their right foot on the throttle and dedicate their left to braking.
源于手动离合的出现，在上世纪90年代这种类型的制动方式开始流行，这种方式可以使驾驶者保持用右脚控制油门的方式，而腾出左脚进行刹车操作。
Lollipop 棒棒糖人 维修站机械团队的Leader，名字很cool，老外真有想象力
The sign on a stick held in front of the car ring a pit stop to inform the driver to apply the brakes and then to engage first gear prior to the car being lowered from its jacks.
赛车进站后，棒棒糖人在赛车前举着个牌牌－信号牌（那真是显摆啊！ ），通过观察机械师的工作情况，告诉车手何时刹车，接着（完成轮胎更换后）通知车手在赛车从升起架上落下之前将赛车打到1档－挂档起步。
Marshal 马歇尔 赛道工人
A course official who oversees the safe running of the race. Marshals have several roles to fill, including observing the spectators to ensure they do not endanger themselves or the competitors, acting as fire wardens, helping to remove stranded cars/drivers from the track and using waving flags to signal the condition of the track to drivers.
在比赛时负责监视赛道安全的工作人员。其扮演了多个角色，留意观众确保他们和车手不受到伤害，作为消防员需要将停留在赛道上的出事赛车或车手移开，并通过挥舞信号旗给其他仍在比赛的车手提供当前赛道信息。
Monocoque 单车体
The single-piece tub in which the cockpit is located, with the engine fixed behind it and the front suspension on either side at the front.
用于固定驾驶舱的单一整体赛车外壳，它后面安装的是发动机，前悬安装在其前部的任意一侧。
Oversteer 转向过度
When a car's rear end doesn't want to go around a corner and tries to overtake the front end as the driver turns in towards the apex.
Paddles
Levers on either side of the back of a steering wheel with which a driver changes up and down the gearbox.This often requires opposite-lock to correct, whereby the driver turns the front wheels into the skid.
Paddock
An enclosed area behind the pits in which the teams keep their transporters and motor homes. There is no admission to the public.
Parc ferme
A fenced-off area into which cars are driven after qualifying and the race, where no team members are allowed to touch them except under the strict supervision of race stewards.
Pit board
A board held out on the pit wall to inform a driver of his race position, the time interval to the car ahead or the one behind, plus the number of laps of the race remaining.
Pit wall
Where the team owner, managers and engineers spend the race, usually under an awning to keep sun and rain off their monitors.
Pits
An area of track separated from the start/finish straight by a wall, where the cars are brought for new tyres and fuel ring the race, or for set-up changes in practice, each stopping at their respective pit garages.
Plank
A hard wooden strip (also known as a skid block) that is fitted front-to-back down the middle of the underside of all cars to check that they are not being run too close to the track surface, something that is apparent if the wood is excessively worn.
Pole position
The first place on the starting grid, as awarded to the driver who recorded the fastest lap time in qualifying.
Practice
The periods on Friday and on Saturday morning at a Grand Prix meeting when the drivers are out on the track working on the set-up of their cars in preparation for qualifying and the race.
Protest
An action lodged by a team when it considers that another team or competitor has transgressed the rules.
Qualifying
The knock-out session on Saturday in which the drivers compete to set the best time they can in order to determine the starting grid for the race.
Reconnaissance lap
A lap completed when drivers leave the pits to assemble on the grid for the start. If a driver decides to do several, they must divert through the pit lane as the grid will be crowded with team personnel.
Retirement
When a car has to drop out of the race because of an accident or mechanical failure.
Ride height
The height between the track's surface and the floor of the car.
Safety Car
The course vehicle that is called from the pits to run in front of the leading car in the race in the event of a problem that requires the cars to be slowed.
Scrutineering
The technical checking of cars by the officials to ensure that none are outside the regulations.
Sectors
For timing purposes the lap is split into three sections, each of which is roughly a third of the lap. These sections are officially known as Sector 1, Sector 2 and Sector 3.
Shakedown
A brief test when a team is trying a different car part for the first time before going back out to drive at 100 percent to set a fast time.
Sidepod
The part of the car that flanks the sides of the monocoque alongside the driver and runs back to the rear wing, housing the radiators.
Slipstreaming
A driving tactic when a driver is able to catch the car ahead and ck in behind its rear wing to benefit from a rection in drag over its body and hopefully be able to achieve a superior maximum speed to slingshot past before the next corner.
'Splash and dash'
A pit stop in the closing laps of the race when a driver calls in for just a few litres of fuel to be sure of making it to the finish.
Steward
One of three high-ranking officials at each Grand Prix appointed to make decisions.
Stop-go penalty
A penalty given that involves the driver calling at his pit and stopping for 10 seconds - with no refuelling or tyre-changing allowed.
Tear-off strips
See-through plastic strips that drivers fit to their helmet's visor before the start of the race and then remove as they become dirty.
Telemetry
A system that beams data related to the engine and chassis to computers in the pit garage so that engineers can monitor that car's behaviour.
Torque
Literally, the turning or twisting force of an engine, torque is generally used as a measure of an engine's flexibility. An engine may be very powerful, but if it has little torque then that power may only be available over a limited rev range, making it of limited use to the driver. An engine with more torque - even if it has less power - may actually prove quicker on many tracks, as the power is available over a far wider rev range and hence more accessible. Good torque is particularly vital on circuits with a number of mid- to slow-speed turns, where acceleration out of the corners is essential to a good lap time.
Traction
The degree to which a car is able to transfer its power onto the track surface for forward progress.
Traction control
A computerised system that detects if either of a car's driven (rear) wheels is losing traction - ie spinning - and transfers more drive to the wheel with more traction, thus using its more power efficiently. Outlawed from the 2008 season onwards.
Turbulence
The result of the disruption of airflow caused by an interruption to its passage, such as when it hits a rear wing and its horizontal flow is spoiled.
Tyre compound
The type of rubber mix used in the construction of a tyre, ranging from soft through medium to hard, with each offering a different performance and wear characteristic.
Tyre warmer
An electric blanket that is wrapped around the tyres before they are fitted to the car so that they will start closer to their optimum operating temperature.
Understeer
Where the front end of the car doesn't want to turn into a corner and slides wide as the driver tries to turn in towards the apex.
Undertray
A separate floor to the car that is bolted onto the underside of the monocoque.
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时间：2022-06-20 07:59
