文书巴图比英语读后感
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发布时间：2022-04-23 09:55
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时间：2023-10-10 09:26
当然，说到超验主义，麦尔维尔也是十分矛盾。一方面，美国独立早期麦尔维尔深受爱默生self-reliance的观点的影响，鼓吹人力，积极赞同“自立”的价值观。然而，麦尔维尔自己的海上经历又让他对自然充满了敬畏，不敢大肆张扬indivialism，认为人力不胜天力。他早期和中期的作品总与自然有关，捕鲸者的覆亡既说明了人的自然性，对自然好奇探险，又说明了自然力对人的毁灭性。相比，他晚期的作品总与工业社会有关，比如《巴图比文书员》，就讲述了资本主义社会底层小人物的生存与挣扎。
大三学习文论的时候用的是这本书：Wilfred L. Guerin, Earle Labor, Lee Morgan, Jeanne C. Reesman, John R. Willingham-A Handbook of Critical Approaches to Literature-Oxford University Press, USA (2004)。这本经典入门书介绍了很多文学理论approaches，其中一个就是Marxism。如果从马克思的理论来看《巴图比文书员》这篇小说，核心词就是“异化”。工业*后，不管是工厂里的工人还是办公室里的文员，所有人都变成了机器生产时代的机器，如果您看过卓别林的《摩登时代》，就能懂其中的讽刺。
在高楼林立的华尔街，巴图比一个小小文员如同蝼蚁。仰望遮天蔽日的大厦，人就如同站在阴森压抑的犹太墓地。华尔街叫做Wall Street（墙街），最后巴图比死时“墙”的意象也正是在讽刺华尔街这个掌握着工业社会金融命脉的地方。人人忙忙碌碌川流不息，都只是为大机器时代运转的机器。
工作日复一日的简单重复，人性也在异化，而巴图比只有默默在心中反抗。这种反抗以第一人称碎碎念的方式在小说中一一叙述出来。加上资本主义社会天然的*分化，底层小人物的酸楚更添艰辛。这样的大环境下，个人的力量实在渺小，这也是为什么麦尔维尔后期并不赞同超验主义的乐观美好。什么上帝仁慈，什么自然是上帝的化身，什么环境对人都会怜悯仁慈，什么万物美好，在浩浩荡荡的工业*中，小人物不过只能疲于奔命罢了。
Melville e to the impact of the Bible and experienced sailor, from Moby Dick to other works are communicated to explore many of man and nature and God, as well as human days of reflection on human existence, interspersed with many biblical worldview and Transcendentalism overtake philosophical notion that God uses nature to punish and deter human, indivial human (indivialism) is insufficient to counter and challenge the forces of nature. Whether ishmael whaling adventure, or Batu secretary of essays than contemplation, they are telling us any of indivialism and heroism are naturally primitive forces in fierce comeback and discipline, something that Emerson and Thoreau is different.
Of course, when it comes to transcendentalism, Melville also very contradictory. On the one hand, the American early Melville influenced by Emerson's view of self-reliance, preached human, actively endorsed the "self-reliance" values. However, Melville own offshore experience make him the natural awe, not havoc indivialism, that human victorious Tianli. He always works early and mid related with nature, whalers described the fall of both human naturalness of natural curious adventure, and illustrates the destructive forces of nature to human. Compared to his later work related to the total of the instrial society, such as "Batu members than instruments", it tells the story of capitalist society and the underlying ordinary people struggle to survive.
Literary junior learning time with this book: Wilfred L. Guerin, Earle Labor, Lee Morgan, Jeanne C. Reesman, John R. Willingham-A Handbook of Critical Approaches to Literature-Oxford University Press, USA (2004 ). This classic primer introced a lot of literary theory approaches, one of which is Marxism. If Marx's theory point of view, "Batu members than instruments," the novel, is the key word "alienation." After the instrial revolution, whether it is factory workers or office clerks, everyone becomes the era of machine proction machine, if you read Chaplin's "Modern Times", which will be able to understand irony.
In the skyscrapers of Wall Street, Batu clerk than a little like ants. Looking at the clouds of the building, just as the people stood dark repressed Jewish cemetery. Wall Street called the Wall Street (Wall Street), and finally death when compared Batu image "wall" is also ironic that hold Wall Street financial lifeblood of instrial society place. Everyone busy stream, just as the era of big machines operation of the machine.
Routine work day after day, humanity also alienation, while Batu only silently in their hearts than revolt. This resistance to the first-person novel way annoying chatters going to describe it. Plus capitalist society naturally rich-poor divide, the underlying sour little gift hardships. Under this environment, the power of indivials is really small, which is why the late Melville did not agree with optimism for a better Transcendentalism. What kind of God, what nature is God incarnate, what environment people will have mercy mercy, what better things in the mighty instrial revolution, but only little exhausted Bale.
