新概念英语第一册语法及单词Lesson121~126
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新概念英语第一册语法及单词Lesson121~122
语法 Grammar in use
定语从句
定语从句像形容词一样起修饰作用，但位于所修饰的名词之后。定语从句由关系代词引导，紧跟在它所修饰的成分后面。关系代词 who，whom与 that修饰人，which与 that修饰东西。关系代词指代从句的主语或宾语，同时又充当连接词，把从句和主句连接起来。请看例句：
(1)关系代词作从句的主语(who/which/that)：
The dog which/that is carrying the basket is mine.
叼着篮子的那只狗是我的。
He's the porter who/that carried my suitcase.
他就是那个扛着我的衣箱的搬运工。
(2)关系代词作从句的宾语(whom/that/which)：
They're the windows which/that the children broke yesterday.
这些就是孩子们昨天打碎的窗户。
She's the lady whom I served yesterday.
她就是我昨天服务过的那位女士。
词汇学习 Word study
1.recognize v.
(1)认出;认识：
I recognize him now.
我现在认出他来了。
Can you recognize this tune?
你能听出这支曲调吗?
(2)承认;确认：
I recognize that he is more capable than I am.
我承认他比我更有能力。
They recognized Richard as his lawful heir.
他们确认理查德为他的合法继承人。
Are British medical qualifications recognized in other European countries?
英国的医生执照在欧洲其他国家能否得到承认?
2.serve v.
(1)服务;接待;侍候：
Are you being served, sir?
先生，有人为您服务吗?
A young waiter served them.
一位年轻的侍者侍候他们进餐。
(2)供应;摆出(食物或饮料等)：
What time is breakfast served in this hotel?
这个饭店里什么时候供应早餐?
Serve it to the ladies first.
把它先端给女士们。
(3)为……服务/服役;任职：
The old cook has served the family for 30 years.
这位老厨师已为这家干了30年了。
He began to serve in the Navy in 1960.
他从1960年起开始在海军服役。
新概念英语第一册语法及单词Lesson123~124
语法 Grammar in use
定语从句中的省略
当关系代词代表主语并且从句中的谓语动词是(现在)进行时态时，关系代词及助动词be均可省略。如果关系代词在从句中代表宾语，则往往可以省略。此外，定语从句可用介词结尾。
请分别看以下的例句：
The woman standing behind the counter served me.
站在柜台后边的那位妇女为我服务/招待了我。
This is the book I bought yesterday.
这就是我昨天买的那本书。
The man I served was wearing a hat.
我招待过的那个人当时戴着一顶帽子。
That's the ship we travelled on.
那就是我们旅行时乘的船。
That's the man I told you about.
那就是我告诉过你有关情况的那个人。
词汇学习 Word study
1.travel v.
(1)旅行;游历：
He said that if he had a lot of money he would travel around the world.
他说，如果他有很多钱的话，他将会周游全世界。
(2)行进;(被)传送：
Light travels faster than sound at the speed of 300,000 kilometres per second.
光速比声速要快，为每秒钟30万公里。
The news didn't travel as fast as we had expected.
这消息传播得不如我们所预料得那样快。
2.offer v.
(1)(主动)给予;提供：
He is offered a job in Canada.
有人提供给他一份在加拿大的工作。
We offered some coffee to the guests.
我们为客人们提供了咖啡。
(2)提出;出(价)：
Do you have any good suggestions to offer?
你能否提供一些好的建议?
I'll offer you ￡ 30,000 for the house.
这所房子我愿出3万英镑买下来。
(3)(主动)表示愿意，提议：
He offered to help me with my research paper.
他表示愿意帮助我一起做我的研究论文。
‘I could lend you some books,’Jane offered.
“我可以借你一些书，”简自告奋勇地提议。
3.grow v.
(1)生长;成长：
His hair has grown too long.
他的头发长得太长了。
The trees have grown rapidly.
树木生长得快。
(2)使生长;留(须发)：
He grew a beard ring the trip.
他在旅行时留了胡子。
We grew a lot of roses in our garden.
我们在自己的花园里种植了大量的玫瑰花。
新概念英语第一册语法及单词Lesson125~126
语法 Grammar in use
must, have to和 needn't
这3个词都表示必要性。在前面已对 must和 have to介绍过。
must是情态助动词，而have to是普通动词，二者在肯定句中一般可以互换，表示不可逃避的义务或责任。must更带有说话人的主观色彩，而have to则更强调客观要求和外界影响。
must一般只能表达现在的必要性，而have to则可以表达过去或将来的必要性。对比例句：
Must you go now?
你必须现在就走吗?
Yes，I have to leave at once.
是的，我不得不马上就走。
Yes，1 must leave at once.
是的，我必须马上就走。
I shall have to leave London tomorrow.
我明早得离开伦敦。
I had to stop smoking because it was forbidden in my company.
因为我所在的公司内禁止抽烟，所以我不得不停止了吸烟。
如果我们用 must来提问，则只能用needn't来表达否定的回答。 needn't 还可以理解为have to的否定回答。needn't (don't need to)和 don't have to都表示不必要;而 mustn't却表示绝对禁止，在说话人看来根本没有选择余地。请看例句：
Must she leave early?
她必须早走吗?
She needn’t leave early.
她不必早走。
Do you have to take a taxi?
你必须乘出租汽车吗?
I don’t have to/need to take a taxi.
我不必乘出租车。
You mustn't turn left.
你不能左转弯。(表示绝对禁止)
词汇学习 Word study
1.mean v.
(1)意味着，即：
It's raining! That means you don't need to water the garden.
下雨了!这就是说，你不必给花园浇水了。
(2)(词语)表示……意思：
What does‘perfume’ mean in English?
“perfume”一词在英语中是什么意思?
The green light means‘Go on.’
绿灯的意思是“继续向前”。
(3)意指;意欲：
What I mean is that we'll have to go back and look for it.
我的意思是：我们必须回去寻找它。
He didn't mean to hurt you.
他的本意并不是想伤害你。
2.water v.
(1)浇(洒)水;供水;喂水：
The garden is very dry, I'm going to water it tomorrow morning.
花园里很干了，明早我准备给它浇些水。
Tim is watering his lovely little dog.
蒂姆正在给他那只可爱的小狗喂水。
(2)充满水;充满泪水;流口水：
He felt sad and his eyes watered a little.
他感到难过，眼睛有点儿湿润了。
Ice cream always makes his mouth water.
冰淇淋总能让他馋得淌口水。
(3)搀水冲淡;加水稀释：
Someone had been watering the milk.
有人往牛奶里搀了水。
He always waters drinks and sells them to tourists.
他总是在饮料里搀水并将之卖给游客们。
