中英文对照的北京名胜简介，急需....不胜感激
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发布时间：2022-07-24 11:54
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时间：2023-10-09 05:37
北京白云观始建于唐代开元二十九年（741），初名天长观，奉祀老子。金代改称为太极宫。元初，邱长春祖师应成吉思汗之请，主持该观，更名长春观。
邱祖羽化后，弟子于宫东建处顺堂祀之。元末，长春宫毁于战火，唯处顺堂独存。明初重修长春宫，即以处顺堂为中心展开，竣工后，易名白云观。
白云观是道教全道派三大祖庭之一，素有“天下道教第一丛林”之称。现为全国重点文物保护单位。中国道教协会、中国道教文化研究会、中国道教学院以及《中国道教》杂志社均设于此。
白云观共有殿堂十九座，分中、东、西三路对外开放。
The Explanation of Beijing White Cloud Daoist Temple
The Beijing White Cloud Daoist Temple was originally called “Heavenly Long Temple” and built in the twenty-nine year(741) under the regime of Kaiyuan, Emperor Shengzu in the Tang Dynasty. that dedicated Lao Zi. In the Jin Dynasty, it was renamed Tai Ji Temple. In the Yuan Dynasty, Qiu Changchun was summoned to preside this Temple by Genghis Khan, so it was renamed Chang Chun Temple.
After Qiu Changchun went to heaven as a immortal, his disciples had built a hall(named Chu Shun Hall) to dedicate him at the east of this temple. At the end of Yuan Dynasty, the Temple was ruined by the battle and noting remained except the Chu Xun Hall. In the Ming Dynsty, the Temple was rebuilt around the Chu Xun Hall and renamed “The White Cloud Temple”.
This Temple is the chief temple of The Three Ancestral Temple of the Quan Zhen Daoist tradition.
Now it have been listed as a historical site under the protection of the Chinese government and it houses the Chinese Daoist Association, the Institue of Chinese Daoist Culture, the Chinese Daoist college and the Editorial Department of The Journal of The Chinese Taoism.
There are 19 halls housed in The White Cloud Temple in east, west and middle area, all of them are opened to public.
牌楼
始建于明英宗正统八年（1443年），为四柱七层歇山式建筑。牌楼正面上方有“洞天胜境”四字，背面有“琼琳阆苑”四字。
Pai Lou(Ornamental archway)
It was built in the eighth Zhentong year under the regime of Emperor Yin Zong(1443), it formed by four pillars and seven roofs. There are four words “Dong Tian Sheng Jing” inscribed on its facade, and there are four words “Qiong Lin Lang yuan” inscribed on its back.
山门
建于明正统八年（1443年），匾额题字“敕建白云观”为明英宗所敕，铁制，故有“铁打白云观”之说。
Shan Ming (mountain gate)
It was built in the eighth Zhentong year under the regime of Emperor Yin Zong(1443), the iron board above the gate was inscribed with “Chi Jian Bai Yun Guan” by the Emperor. The meaning was the order to build the White Cloud Temple, so it be said the White Cloud Temple is built with iron.
窝风桥
始建于清圣祖康熙四十五年（1706年），1988年重建。桥洞两侧悬有金钱和铜钟，游人以铜钱掷打铜钟，以求吉利，称为“打金钱眼”。现为游人香客求吉祥的民俗活动之一。
Wo Feng Bridge
Was initially built in the forty-fifth year(1706) under the regime of Kangxi, Emperor Shengzu in the Qing Dynasty, and was rebuilt in 1988. There are coins and bronze bells hanging aiong both sides of the bridge openings. Visitors may pray for good luck by throwing coins to hit the bronze bells, and the act is called “hitting the gold coin”, which has become one of the folk activities through which tourists and prayers pray for good luck.
灵官殿
始建于明英宗正统八年（1443年），清康熙元年（1662年）重修，殿堂内奉祀道教之*神王灵官。
像为明代木雕。赤面、三目、披甲执鞭。王灵官姓王名善，总司天上、人间纠察善恶之职。
Ling Guan Temple
Was initially built in the eighth Zhengtong Year(1443) under the regime of Emperor Yingzong in the Ming Dynasty, and rebuilt in the first Kangxi Year(1662) in the Qing Dynasty, Offers sacrifice to wang lingguan, the god protecting Taoism.
The statue is made of wood and was proced in the ming dynasty, which has red face and three eyes, wears a suit of armor and holds a whip in hand.
True name of wang lingguan is wang shan, who performs the ty of maintaining dindness and eliminating evils in the heaven and on the earth.
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玉皇殿
始建于明英宗正统三年（1438年），清康熙元年（1662年）重修，原名“玉历长春殿”，康熙四十五年（1706年）改今名。奉祀“昊天金阙至尊玉皇大帝”。乾隆五十三年（1788年）改建，神龛及玉皇像系明代木雕。
Temple of Jade Emperor
Was initially built in the third zhengtong year under the regime of Emperor ying in the Ming Dynasty(1438) and rebuilt in the first year under the regime of Emperor Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty(1662).Was originally named “Yrli Changchun Temple” and got the present name in the forty-fifth year under the regime of Emperor Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty(1706),making offerings to “Imperial Haotian Jinque Jade Emperor”. Was later rebuilt in the forty-third year under the regime of Emperor Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty(1788).the shrine and the statue of jade Emperor are made of wood and were carved in the Ming Dynasty.
三官殿
原名“丰真殿”，现为“三官殿”。奉祀天、地、水“三官大帝”。天官赐福降祥，济民救苦；地官赦除过咎，解释冤愆；水官解脱疾厄及一切灾难。
Temple of Three Emperors
Was originally named “Feng Zhen Temple” and is now called “Temple of Three Emperors”. makes offerings to “Three Emperors”, namely Emperor Heaven who brings good luck and relieves suffering people Emperor Earth who brings good luck and relieves suffering people Emperor Earth who pardons blames and releases grievances, and Emperor Water who eliminates all diseases, bad lucks and disasters.
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财神殿
原名“儒仙殿”，现为“财神殿”。奉祀三位财神。文财神比干，武财神赵公明及关羽。善信祈求，财源茂盛，仁义生财，有求必应。
Temple of the God of Wealth
Was originally named “Temple of Confucian Immortals” and is presently called “Temple of the God of Wealth”. Makes offerings to three Gods of the Wealth, namely Bi Gan, the civil god of wealth, Zhao Gongming and Guan Yu, the military god of wealth. Kind and devotional prayers will have abundant financial resources, and people making fortune based on kindheartedness and justice will be granted with whatever they have prayed for.
老律堂
始建于元拖雷监国时（1228年），明英宗正统五年（1440年）奉祀长春真人塑像，明代宗景泰七年（1456年）重修。明武宗正德四年（1509年）塑七真像，称“七真殿”。清康熙元年（1662年）重建，赐匾“七真翕光殿”，奉祀道教全真七位真人，中座邱处机；东座刘处玄、谭处端、马钰；西座王处一、郝大通、孙不二。七真像皆明代塑造。清代于此举行传授戒律仪式，故改称“老律堂”。
Lao Lü Temple
Was initially built in the year of Tuolei’s Administration (Year 1228) in the Yuan Dynasty. Makes offerings to the statue of Immortal Chuangchunin in the fifth Zhengtong Year(1440) under the regime of Emperor Yingzong in the Ming Dynasty. Was rebuilt in the seventh Jingtai Year(1456) under the regime of Emperor Daizong in the Ming Dynasty. Had the statues of seven immortals proced in the forth Zhengde Year under the regime of Emperor Wu in the Ming Dynasty(1509) and began to be called “Seven Immortals’ Temple”. Was rebuilt in the first Year under the regime of Emperor Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty(1662) and got a tablet from the Emperor reading “Qizhen Xiguang Temple”, made offerings to the seven Quanzhen Immortals in Taoism, namely Qiu Chuji in the middle, Liu Chuxuan, Tan Chuan and Ma Yu in the east, and Wang Chuyi and Hao Datong and Sun Bu'er in the west. Statues of the seven Immortals were made in the Ming Dynasty. As ceremonies teaching Taoist disciplines were held here in the Qing Dynasty, it was renamed “Lao Lü Temple”.
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药王殿
原名“宗师殿”，现为“药王殿”。中间奉祀孙思邈真人。宋徽宗崇宁二年（1103年）追封妙应真人。北侧为神医华佗，南侧为医圣张仲景。相传他们都能起死回生，解救一切病危。
Temple of Medicine King
Was originally named “Master’s Temple” and is now called “Temple of Medicine King”. Makes offerings to Immortal Sun Simiao in the middle, Emperor Huizong in the Song Dynasty conferred the title of “Immortal Miao Ying” to Sun Simiao after Sun’s death. Mythical doctor Hua Tuo in the north, Sage doctor Zhang Zhongjing in the south. It is said they could redeem the dead and cure all sorts of serious diseases.
救苦殿
原名“宗师殿”，现为“救苦殿”。奉祀太乙救苦天尊。他是九幽地府的至高尊神，骑九头狮子，左手执甘露杯，右手执宝剑。
Temple of God Relieving Sufferers
Was originally named “Temple of Great Master” and is now called “Temple of God Relieving Sufferers”. Makes offerings to God Taiyi Relieving Sufferers. He is the highest god in the nine-layer nether world, who rides a lion with nine heads and holds a sweet-dew bottle and a double-edged sword in his left and right hands respectively.
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邱祖殿
始建于元代，曾名“衍庆殿”、“贞寂堂”。明代改为专祀邱长春真人的殿堂，故名“邱祖殿”。殿内供奉邱祖塑像，两侧有“邱祖西行”悬塑。殿内“瘿钵”为乾隆皇帝御赐之物。相传“瘿钵”下埋藏有邱祖遗蜕。
Temple of Founder Qiu
Was initially built in the Yuan Dynasty. Was successively named “Yanqing Temple” and “Zhenji Temple”, Ming Dynasty was changed into a temple exclusively offering sacrifice to Immortal Qiu Changchun and thus was named “Temple of Founder Qiu”. In the temple, offerings are made to the statue of Founder Qiu, with hanging sculptures titled “Founder Qiu’s Visit to the West” on both sides of the statue “Ying Bowl” in the temple was conferred by Emperor Qianlong. It is said that remains of Founder Qiu were concealed under the “Ying Bowl”.
四御殿
建于明宣宗宣德三年（1428年），奉祀天界四位大帝。正中为昊天金阙玉皇上帝牌位；左为南极长生大帝、勾陈上宫天皇大帝；左为万星教主中天紫微北极大帝、承天效法后土皇地祗。四御神像为清代泥塑。
Temple of four Emperors
Was built in the third Xuande Year(1428) under the regime of Emperor Xuanzong in the Ming Dynasty. Makes offerings to the four Emperors in the heaven, namely Haotian Jinque Jade Emperor in the middle, South-pole Immortal Emperor and Gouchen shanggong Tianhuang Emperor on the left, and celestial Lord Zhongtian Ziwei North-pole Emperor and God Chengtian Xiaofa Houtu Huangdiqi on the right. The statues of the four emperors are clay sculptures made in the Qing Dynasty.
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三清阁
始建于明宣宗宣德三年（1428年），殿内奉祀道教最高尊神，正中为玉清元始天尊；左为上清灵宝天尊；右为太清道德天尊。道教谓三清是“道”的化身。三清像为明代干漆夹麻造像。
San Qing Temple
Was initially built in the third Xuande Year(1428) under the regime of Emperor Xuanzong in the Ming Dynasty. Makes offerings to the highest gods in Taoism, namely God Yuqing Yuanshi in the middle, God Shangqing Lingbao on the left and God Taiqing Daode on the right. In Taoism, the three gods are regarded as the embodiments of Tao. The statues of the three gods were made of dry paint interwoven with ramie in the Ming Dynasty.
三星殿
殿内奉祀“福、禄、寿”三星君神像。中座为“福星”，西侧为“禄星”，东侧为“寿星”。“福、禄、寿”三星在民间最受百姓喜爱，为人们祈求幸福、利禄和健康的象征。
Temple of Three Stars
The temple offers sacrifice to statues of three star gods, namely “God of Luck” in the middle, “God of Official Rank” on the west, and “God of Long Life” on the east. The three gods are the most favorite gods for the general public, who symbolize good luck, high official rank and health that people pray for.
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慈航殿
殿内奉祀“观音大士”。观音本称“观世音”，为避唐太宗李世民讳，遂称观音。宋徽宗宣和元年（1119年）封号为“慈航普渡圆通自在天尊”。
Ci Hang Temple
The temple offers sacrifice to “Kwan-yin”. Kwan-yin was originally called “Kwan-shi-yin”, which was later abbrivated as “Kwan-yin” in order to avoid offending the name of Emperor Taizong in the Tang Dynasty,i.e. “Li shimin”. In the first Xuanhe Year(1119) under the regime of Emperor Huizong in the Song Dynasty, Kwan-yin was conferred the title of “Goddess Cihang Pu Yuantong Zizai”.
真武殿
殿内奉祀“真武大帝”神像，铜像为明代铸造。真武又称玄武，本为中国传统所称“四象”之一的北方“玄武星宿”，为避唐玄宗之讳改称“真武”。真武号“玄天上帝，荡魔天尊”。又称“佑圣真武，治世福神”。能普为众生消除灾障。
Zhenwu Temple
The temple offers sacrifice to the statue of “Emperor Zhenwu”. The bronze statue was founded in the Ming Dynasty. Zhenwu was also called “Xuanwu”, which is the north “Xuanwu Star”, one of the “four stars” in Chinese tradition, and the name was changed to “Zhenwu” in order to avoid offending the name of Emperor Xuanzong. Another name of Zhebwu is “Xuantian God and God wiping out Evils”, who is also named as “God of Blessing and True Mighty, God of Luck who administers the world”. He can eliminate disasters for all living creatures.
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雷祖殿
建于明英宗正统三年（1438年），殿内铜像皆明代铸造。
雷祖，道教称：九天应元雷声普化天尊。总司五雷，运行三界，群生父，万灵师。主天之灾福，持物之权衡，掌物掌人，司生司杀。
Temple of God of Thunder
Was built in the third Zhengtong Year(1438) under the regime of Emperor Yingzong in the Ming Dynasty. All bronze statues in the temple were founded in the Ming Dynasty. The four portraits of heaven generals under the god of thunder hanging in the temple were also proced in the Ming Dynasty. God of Thunder is called “Jiutian Yingyuan Leisheng Puhua God” in Taoism, who fully takes charge of five types of thunders and patrols the three worlds(the heaven, the earth and the nether world), and is the father of all living creatures and the master of all gods. He decides natural disasters and blessings, and controls balance in the physical world, all objects and people, and life and death of people.
元辰殿
始建于金章宗明昌元年（1190年），供奉金章宗之母本命神丁卯太岁，原名“丁卯瑞圣殿”。现名甲子殿，殿内奉祀六十位星宿神。每位神名，皆系用天干和地支循环相配而得。甲居天干之首，子居地支之首，干支相配，由甲子起，至癸亥止，满六十为一周，故名六十甲子。
Yuan Chen Temple
Was initially built in the first Mingchang Year(1190) under the regime of Emperor Zhangzong in the Jin Dynasty, making offerings to Star Goddess Benming Dingmao, the mother of Emperor Zhangzong, Was originally named “Dingmao Ruisheng Temple”. now name “Jiazi Temple”, offers sacrifice to sixty star gods, with the name of each originating from circulating combination between the ten Heavenly Stems and the twelve Earthly Branches. Jia is the first Heavenly Stem and Zi is the initial Earthly Branch, with all Heavenly Stems respectively combined with various Earthly Branches, and with Guihai as the final combination. Every sixty years finishes a cycle, and that is why “jiazi” stands for sixty years.
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元君殿
建于清高宗乾隆二十一年（1756年），原名“子孙堂”，亦称“娘娘殿”。中座为天仙圣母碧霞元君；右座为眼光娘娘；左座为送子娘娘。
Yuanjun Temple
Was built in the twenty-first year under the regime of Qianlong, i. e. Emperor Gaozong in the Qing Dynasty(1756). Was originally named “Temple of Offspring” or “Temple of Mother”. The statue in the middle is Immortal Godness Bixia Yuanjun, the one on the right is Goddess Yanguang, and the one on the left is Goddess Songzi who brings children to people.
文昌殿
原名“北五祖殿”，殿内奉祀文昌梓潼帝君，为主宰人间功名、禄位之神，介时多为读书人所崇祀。元仁宗延佑三年（1316年）加封为“辅文开化文昌司禄宏仁帝君”，简称“文昌帝君”，两旁奉祀孔子、朱熹。殿中神像为明代万历年铸造。
Wen Chang Temple
Was originally named “Temple of Five North Ancestors”, making offerings to Emperor Wenchang Zitong was later conferred the title of “Emperor Fuwen Kaihua Wenchang Silu Hongren” (“Emperor Wen Chang” short) in the third Yanyou Year under the regime of Emperor Ren in the statues of Kong Zi and Zhu Xi respectively on the sides of that of Emperor Wen Chang. Statues in the temple were founded in the first Wanli Year in the Ming Dynasty.
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八仙殿
建于清嘉庆十三年（1808年），殿内奉祀道教八仙，即：钟离权、吕洞宾、张果老、曹国舅、李铁拐、韩湘子、蓝采和、何仙姑。
Temple of the Eight Immortals
Was built in the thirteenth Jiaqing Year(1808) in the Qing Dynasty. Mades offerings to the eight Taoist Immortals, namely Zhong Liquan, Lü Dongbin, Zhang Guolao, Cao Guojiu, Li Tieguai, Han Xiangzi, Lan Caihe and He Xiangu.
吕祖殿
始建于清德宗光绪十三年（1887年），殿内奉祀道教北五祖之一的吕纯阳祖师。吕祖名岩，字洞宾，号纯阳子，为山西芮城县永乐镇人，唐文宗时进士，后游终南山遇钟离权度化成仙。神像为明代木雕。
Temple of Founder lü
Was initially built in the thirteenth Guangxu Year under the regime of Emperor Dezong in the Qing Dynasty(1887),making offerings to Lü Chunyang, one of the original first name of “Yan”, another name of “Dongbing” and the alias of “Chunyang Zi”, who was born in Yongle Town, Ruicheng County, Shanxi Province and became a successful candidate in the highest imperial examinations held under the regime of Emperor Wenzong in the Tang Dynasty, and later met Zhong Liquan when visiting Nanshan Mountain and became an immortal with the help of Zhong Liquan. The statue in the temple is made of wood and was carved in the Ming Dynasty.
戒台
始建于清光绪十六年（1890年），为白云观第二十代方丈高仁侗道长筹资兴建。1923年，第二十一代方丈陈毓坤道长于此传戒。1989年第二十二代方丈王理仙道长亦传戒于此。
Ordination Stage
The stage was built in the 16th Guang Xu year ring the Qing Dynasty (1890). The resources of building were pooled by the 20th Generation of Abbot in The White Cloud Temple Gao Tongren.1923, the 21st Generation of Abbot Chen YUkun performed the rite of ordination on this stage. 1989, the 22nd Generation of Abbot Wang Lixian performed the rite of ordination here too.
罗公塔
塔内安放道教隐士罗公遗蜕。公罗是江西人，有道术，清康熙年间来京，隐居京城多年。清初，*有“留头不留发”之令，百姓多因抗旨被杀，罗公以道术救助京城百姓。雍正五年（1727年）于白云观羽化，雍正皇帝感其神异，赐封“恬淡守一真人”之号，并敕建塔陵以祀之。
Master Luo Pagoda
This pagoda keeps the remains of Master Luo. Master Luo was born in Jiangxi province who had Sacred Power and lived in the capital of country as a hermit for many years. At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, there were lots of people been killed for fought against the royal command (whoever must be killed if he kept the traditional hair), Lou operated his Sacred Power to save the dying people. After Master Luo went to heaven as a immortal(1727), the Emperor Yong Zheng ordered to build the pagoda as respecting and bestowed upon him the tile, “Tiandan Shouyi Ture Saint”.
