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热心网友 时间：2023-10-23 10:59

Introction
ItisknownthatHamletisthemostremarkableworksofShakespeareinhisdramas。Itdescribesastoryofaprince’srevengeforhisfather’sdeathinDenmark，ringwhich，itrevealshuman－beingdifferentconflicts。Withabundantconnotationofthetime，vividcharacters，complicatedconflictandvariedstory，Hamletgivespeopledeepimpressionandmovesthemtoappreciateit。Therearethreesimultaneousplotsofrevenge，fromwhich，thetragedyofcharactersisdescribedmorecomplicated。Thereisalsosomedescriptionofcharacters：Hamletrepresentsthefewnumberoftheadvancedpersonemerginginthefeudalsociety;Claudius，whoistheheadofthereactionaryforce，isalsoaschemer，themodelcharacterofdouble－dealer。Heisdissolute，insidiousandsham。Butfinally，suchunforgivablemanbearswhatheshoulddo;Ophelia，whoisoneoftheloveliestgirlsShakespearehasdescribed，isalsoatragedycharacterinthisplay。Sheiskind，butbecauseofherinnocentandtenderness，shebecamethetoolwhichherfatherusedtopleasanttheKing。
Asoneofthefourfamoustragedies，Hamletisfulloftragedyaspects：itdescribedadisorderedworld，andalsoaworldwithstrongself－consciousness，whichreflectedthemodernmainpartsuncertainnessandcomplicationintheperiodofRenaissance。Insuchaspecialtime，thereareallthekindsofformation：Claudius’sschemestoseizethestatepower;theethicsbetweentheghostandhisson;thesincerefeelingsbetweenHamletandOphelia;friendship’sforsakingwitholdclassmates;simultaneousrevengeaction;thefailureofhumanism，andsoon。Withalltheformationorganized，itformsHamlet’sspecialartisticcharmandliteralachievement，whichrevealhuman－beingthetragedyaspectsofHamletincisivelyandvividly。

I。TheGeneralIntroctionoftheStory
Itisastoryofaprince’srevengeforhisfather’sdeathinDenmark。TheKingofDenmarkdied，youngprinceHamletwhowasmakingfurtherecationabroadcamebacktohiscountry。Outofhisimagination，hismothermarriedhisuncleClaudiusjustaftertheoldKing’sdeath。AghostwholookedliketheoldKingemergedonenight，andtoldHamletthatitwasClaudiuswhokilledhim，soHamletvowedtorevenge。Hebegantopretendtobemad，andlefthisloverOphelia。TospyuponthereflectionofClaudius，Hamletarrangedaplaywhichwasdrawnbyhim。Claudiusrealizedit，hesentHamlettoEngland，andaskedthemanwhokeptwatchonHamlettogivelettertothekingofEnglandtohaveHamletdied。ButClaudiusfailed;Hamletcamebacktohiscountryagain。MeanwhileOpheliawasdrawnbecauseofherfather’sdeathandherloverHamlet’sdriftingapartofher。HerbrotherLearteswasveryangry;heaskedtofightwithHamlet。ThenClaudiusarrangedaswordmatchforthem，inwhichHamletwaskilledbythepoisonsword，Laerteswaswoundedtodie。TheQueen（Hamlet’smother）diedfromthepoisonwinewhichwaspreparedforHamletbyClaudius。Beforedeath，Laertestoldthetruth。FinallyHamletkilledClaudiuswiththecostofhislife。
II。ThreeSimultaneousPlotsofRevenge
InHamlet，therearethreesimultaneousplotsofrevenge，whichgivemoredetailstohelpuslearnthetragedyaspectsinit。Therearethreecharacters：Hamlet，Laertesand
Fortinbius，allofwhosefatherarekilled。Basedontheconceptofthetime，allthethreepersonsshouldrevengefortheirrelatives。Asthesametask，becauseoftheirowncharacterandoutlookoflife，therearethreedifferentways。Ofthethreepersons，there
aretwogroupsofcomparison：LaertesandHamletarebothcomparativelyyoungmeninacourtdominatedbytheMiddleAged;botharedescribedasbeingpopularwiththepeopleinDenmark;theircommonloveforOpheliaunitsthemthematicallyinthefourthact;andtheensuingswordfightwhichresultinboththeirdeathmakescleartheextenttowhichtheyareeachother’sopposites;bothgivethemselvesthetaskofrevengingthedeathofarelative;botharespiedonbytheirparents。YoungFortinblas，whohasafewsimilaritiestoHamlet：hetooisthenephewofaKing;hetooisanyenemyofClaudius;hetooisseekingsomesortofvengeancefollowingthedeathofhisfather。
A。Laertes’sSimpleIdeatoRevenge
OfLaertes’sideatorevenge，itcanbedescribedas“simple”。Heisnobleanddignifiedinhisappearance，whileinfactthereisnothinginismind。Heisimpulsive，narrowminded。ThoughherealizeshiserrorandrevealstheevilplotoftheKing，heloseshislife。AshelearnsthenewsthathisfatherPoloniuswaskilled，withoutaskinganyoneaboutthereason，hurriedlyhecomesbacktoDenmarkandarousestheassestoaction。ThinkingthattheKingisthesinnerofhisfather’sdeath，LaretesleadshismassesrushintothecourtandfightwithClaudius。WeseeLaretesdoeslikethat，butinfact，hedoesnotlovehisfatheratall。Helaughsathisfather’sweakness，hatesthathisfatheraskssomeonetokeepwatchonhim。Forthereasonofhisfather’sdeath，hehasnointerest。SupposeLaertesiswillingtolearnthereason，hewouldknowthatthedeathofPoloniusiscausedbyhimself，forheissopositivetointerferetheconflictbetweenHamletandtheKing。What’smore，hesupportstheKing。HamletismeaninglesstokillPolonius，towhichLaertesdosenotcareabout，sohedecidestorevengewithoutanydoubt。Heunderstandsthemoralfromthepointofformalism，accordingtowhichhetakesaction。Hisprincipleismeasureformeasure。WhatLaertesrevengesforisthereputationofhisrelevantandhisfamily。Inthefaceofsuchrequirement，eventheKing’sorder，itshouldbedelayed。Besides，whatLaertesrevengesforishisambitions。WhenheleadshismassestokilltheKing，headvocatesthemsupporthimastheKing。ItisavailablethatLaertes’srevengeisdivorcedfromtheessence，hehasulteriormotives。
B．Fortinblas’sAbandonmenttoRevenge
Fortinblasgivesuptorevenge。InthisdramawedonotseetheNorwayprinceso
manytimes。Justbecauseofhisuncle’sseveralwords，heabandonstorevengeforhisfather’sdeath。WhentheDenmarkisfrightenedtowaitforFortinblas’sattackforhisfather’sdeathandthelostland，FortinblasattacksPoland。NomatterwhatcausesFortinblastogiveuprevenge，wecanregardthathisfatheronceprovokedtohisenemy（theKingofDenmark）andgavenochoicetohim。IftheKingofDenmarkdidnotkillFortinblas’sfather，thepersonwhowouldbeindeathnowishimself。FortinblasrealizesthathehasnoabilitytofightwithDenmark，sohegivesup。Butwhatifheiswillingtotryhisbest？Heabandonsabsolutely。
LeartesandFortinblashavetheirownattitudeonrevenge。Oneistoobeytherequirementofrevengewithoutanyconditions，andtheotheroneistogiveup
absolutely。Eitherofthemtakeshastyaction，andalsolacksconsideration。
C。Hamlet’sHesitationtoRevenge
SincetheghostofHamlet’sfathertellsHamletthetruthofhisdeath，thetasktorevengeisengravedonHamlet’sminddeeply，hevowstorevenge。Heloveshisfathersosincerelyanddeeply。Inhismind，hisfathersymbolizesthetopofhumanvirtue。Whatabaseactiontokeephisfatherindeath！ComparedwithLeartesandFortinblas，hismotiveforrevengeisstimulatedbyhislovetohisfather。Whileittakesalongtimeforhimtocompletehistask，why？Therearethreemainstages：
Firstofall，heputsoffallhisactionuntilhehaspositiveproofofClaudius’sguilty，ringhisprocess，HamletarrangesaplaytospyuponClaudius’sresponsetoprovethetruthoftheghost’swords。Secondly，hepassesuptheopportunitytostabClaudiusinthebackpreferringtowaitforchancetokillhiminawaymorefitting。Becauseofthereligionandsuperstitiousbelief，killingtheenemywhoisrepentingistosendtheevilpersontotheheaven。Itmeansthathereturnsgoodforevil。Thirdly，however，hegetsside－tracked。Forcedintoconfrontationwithhismother，hekillstheeavesdroppingPolonius，thinkingthatitisClaudiusheisstabbing。ThefactthatHamletmisfiresPoloniushastwomaineffects：itmakesHamlet’sownhomicidalcampaignloseenergy－－－asifsomesortofbloodlusthadbeensated。ItalsoforcesHamletfinallyoutintotheopen。Ratherthansuspects，HamletisathreattoClaudius。OntheexcuseofPolonius’sdeath，ClaudiushasopportunitytomoveagainstHamlet，whichissendinghimofftoEnglandtobeputindeath。
III。TheTragedyofCharacters
A。TheTragedyofHamlet
1。ThreeStagesofHamlet’sTragedy
OfthecharacterofHamletinthisdrama，itisnotstill，butchangeableasthestrugglesgoon。Accordingtothedevelopmentofthecharacter，ShakespeareshowsusthetragedyofHamlet，whichisdescribedinthreestageslogically。
Thefirststageisabouthishappinesstime，ringwhichhestudiesinWittenberg。Inthatperiod，hehaswonderfuldreamonhumanism。Tohimtheworldissobright，charming。Inhismind，hisfatherisonbehalfperfectman。Healsobelievesthattheharmoniousrelationshipbetweenhumanwouldcometruesoonerorlater。ThesecondstageofHamletisabouthisdejectionandhesitation。Hamletissopuzzledbytheconflictbetweenhumanismideaandthegloomreality。Whenwefirstlyseetheprince，Hamletappearsasadejectedperson。Heisshroudedbysadness;hedoesnotknowwheretolookforhappinessoflife。WhenherealizesallthecrimesinthecourtofDenmark，allhiswishesoflifehavebeenchanged。Hedecidestochangethesociety，butinactionhehesitates。Thethirdstageisabouthisdecisiontotakeactivities，whichisaftertheplayarrangedbyHamlethimself。Hecannotbearthecrimeofrealityanymore。Inhisownwords，hewouldfillhismindwithbloodythoughts。AlthoughHamletrevengesforhisfather’sdeathintheend，hedoesnotachievethepurposetoremovetheevilforcethoroughly，evenheloseshislife。
2。Hamlet’sDeath
Hamlet’sdeathisalsohistragedy。ItisdestinedforHamlettoendwithhisdeath，whichiscausedbybothinternalandexternalcourse;itisnotcomprehensivetoemphasizeeitherofthem。Asoneofhischallengeableenemy，Claudiusisonbehalfoftheevilforce;hiscrimeiscollectedwithallthesociety’sdarkness。Hamletiseagertowipeoutsuchevilforceandrevengeforhisfather’sdeath。ButitcannotbesolvedonlybyhavingClaudiusdied，ofcoursetoachievewhichisnoteasy。Toremovetheevilforcewhichiscommonlyexistedinthesocietyandreversesthesituationismoredifficult。WhatHamletishesitating“isnotwhatheshoulddo，buthowtodoit。”Judgingfromtheobjectiveaspect，Hamlet’senemyisnotonlyClaudius，andalsosomevillains。Asanewstyleofthoughtofanewlyemergingcapitalistclass，humanismjustexistsasapowerofthoughtatthattime，whichisfarawaytomatchwiththefeudalevilforce。ThebourgeoisierevolutioninEnglandhappenedin17thcentury，judgingfromthefeatureofthetime，Hamlet’sdeathisdestined。Judgingfromthecharacterofhim，Hamlethasthemostweaknesswhichdominateshisaction。Becauseofhisprincesocialposition，thereisnocommunicationwithpeople。Althoughhehassympathytothem，healsolearnspeopleareangrytotheevilforce，andtheyalsokeephopeonhim，heisunwillingtocorporatewithpeople。Whathebelievesishisownability;what’smore，inhismindheistheonlypersonwhocancompletesuchhardtask，whichistherootofHamlet’ssocialtragedy。SoHamlet’stragedyisofanadvancedhumanist’sfailuretostrugglewithpowerfulevilforceofhim，ofthetime，whichhasstrongclassicmeaning。