以人的精神和身体健康为题写200字的英语作文
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发布时间：2022-10-05 13:39
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时间：2023-10-19 01:31
Health
"Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity."
- Definition of "health", World Health Organisation, 1948.[1]
The right to health for all is a fundamental human right. Globally, there has been huge progress in health over the last century although these improvements have not been equal across countries.
In developed countries, improvements in nutrition, sanitation, water supplies, hygiene, and living and working conditions brought major improvements in health and life expectancy. Vaccines, antibiotics and improved technology have contributed to saving the lives of millions and taming diseases such as smallpox and diptheria. In many developed countries, average life expectancy has increased dramatically in the last century - by around 30 years.
However gaps in health outcomes, both within and between countries, are higher than ever before. Differences in life expectancy between the richest and poorest countries exceed 40 years. Annual government expenditure on health ranges from $20 per person to more than $6,000.[2] New global health threats have also emerged, such as HIV/AIDS which took the lives of 2 million people in 2007 and a further 33 million people were estimated to be living with HIV, two-thirds of them in Sub-Saharan Africa. Malaria continues to kill one child every 30 seconds, and there has been almost no improvement in maternal health since 1990, the baseline measurement for progress against the Millennium Development Goals.
Yet at the same time in the developed world, the comforts attained ring the 20th century have also led to changing health trends, with cardiovascular disease the number-one killer, followed by cancer. More than half the alts in the US are either moderately or morbidly overweight.[3]
Recent studies have also shown an increase in mental ill-health at a global level.[4]
See also: Mental Health
Physical health and mental health are inextricably linked. Action is needed to improve the physical health of people with mental health problems, and to make mental health a key public health priority.
Poor mental health is associated with an increased risk of diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer and diabetes, while good mental health is a known protective factor. Poor physical health also increases the risk of people developing mental health problems.
The Foundation has called for:
an increased understanding of the links between physical health and mental health, and that improved mental health reces the risk of cardiovascular and other diseases
mental health to become an integral part of public health agenda, nationally and locally, and for proper investment in public mental health
regular physical health checks and accessible physical health care for people with severe mental illness
routine assessment of the psychological needs of patients suffering from chronic heart disease and other serious physical conditions
a rection in the inappropriate use of primary and acute hospital services by people with medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) by referrals to evidence-based psychological treatments.
It is not good enough that many people with mental health problems are likely to have their physical health needs unrecognised or poorly managed: those who use mental health services are less likely than the general population to be offered blood pressure, cholesterol, urine or weight checks, or to receive opportunistic advice on smoking cessation, alcohol, exercise or diet.
The Foundation has welcomed the recognition of the links between physical health and mental health in the Coalition Government’s Public Health White Paper Healthy Lives, Healthy People (2010), covering England. The paper rightly recognises mental health to be a key public health issue. White Paper: Healthy lives, healthy people: our strategy for public health in England
Background
People with diagnoses of severe and enring mental illnesses are at increased risk for a range of physical illnesses and conditions, including coronary heart disease, diabetes, infections, respiratory disease and greater levels of obesity.
The Royal College of Psychiatrists published in 2010 a paper on public mental health, No Health Without Public Mental Health. This included a summary of the research evidence demonstrating the links between mental health and physical health outlined below:
Depression is associated with 67% increased mortality from cardiovascular disease, 50% increased mortality from cancer, two-fold increased mortality from respiratory disease and three-fold increased mortality from metabolic disease.
Rates of depression are double in those with diabetes, hypertension, coronary artery disease and heart failure, and triple in end-stage renal failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cerebrovascular disease.
Depression almost doubles the risk of later development of coronary heart disease. Increased psychological distress is associated with 11%-increased risk of stroke. Depression predicts colorectal cancer, back pain and irritable bowel syndrome later in life
People with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder die an average 25 years earlier than the general population, largely because of physical health problems. Schizophrenia is associated increased death rates from cardiovascular disease (two-fold), respiratory disease (three-fold) and infectious disease (four-fold).
No Health Without Public Mental Health, Royal College of Psychiatrists, 2010
The Department of Health’s Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) programme has published guidance on Medically Unexplained Symptoms.Medically Unexplained Symptoms Positive Practice Guide (PDF file, 300KB)
11% of alt health care costs in the UK are attributable to physical symptoms caused or exacerbated by mental health problems. Between 20% and 30% of consultations in primary care are with people who are experiencing medically unexplained symptoms and have no clear diagnosis.
The Coalition Government’s Public Health White Paper: Healthy lives, healthy people: our strategy for public health in England firmly links public health to the inequalities agenda set out by Sir Michael Marmot (Marmot (2010) Fair Society, Healthy Lives (PDF file, 25MB)) There will be a new public health premium, which will give councils money for delivering improvements in health inequalities - and it cites poor mental health alongside classic public health issues such as obesity and smoking.
The Foundation has published a series of reports on exercise, diet and smoking, and how they impact on both mental health and physical health.
A clear distinction is often made between ‘mind’ and ‘body’. But when considering mental health and physical health, the two should not be thought of as separate.
Poor physical health can lead to an increased risk of developing mental health problems. Similarly, poor mental health can negatively impact on physical health, leading to an increased risk of some conditions.
Since the founding of the NHS in 1948, physical care and mental health care have largely been disconnected. There is an increasing call on healthcare professionals to consider psychological wellbeing when treating the physical symptoms of a condition and vice versa. You can read about the work we do as a Foundation to lobby government policies on the subject.
There are various ways in which poor mental health has been shown to be detrimental to physical health.
Depression has been linked to:
67% increased risk of death from heart disease
50% increased risk of death from cancer.
While schizophrenia is associated with:
double the risk of death from heart disease
three times the risk of death from respiratory disease.
This is because people with mental health conditions are less likely to receive the physical healthcare they're entitled to. Mental health service users are statistically less likely to receive the routine checks (like blood pressure, weight and cholesterol) that might detect symptoms of these physical health conditions earlier. They are also not as likely to be offered help to give up smoking, rece alcohol consumption and make positive adjustments to their diet.
These lifestyle factors can influence the state of both your physical and mental health.
Exercise
Physical activity in any form is a great way to keep you physically healthy as well as improving your mental wellbeing. Research shows that doing exercise influences the release and uptake of feel-good chemicals called endorphins in the brain. Even a short burst of 10 minutes brisk walking increases our mental alertness, energy and positive mood. Read the Let's Get Physical report for more on the positive health benefits of physical activity.
Physical activity means any movement of your body that uses your muscles and expends energy. From tending your garden to running a marathon, even gentle forms of exercise can significantly improve your quality of life. For more tips on the ways in which you can build physical activity into your routine, download ourLet’s get physical booklet.
Diet
Good nutrition is a crucial factor in influencing the way we feel. A healthy balanced diet is one that includes healthy amounts of proteins, essential fats, complex carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals and water. The food we eat can influence the development, management and prevention of numerous mental health conditions including depression and Alzheimer’s. Read about the ways in which you can ensure you are getting a balanced diet.
Smoking
Smoking has a negative impact on both mental and physical health. Many people with mental health problems believe that smoking relieves their symptoms, but these effects are only short-term.
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