形容词,副词和介词的用法(要百分百正确的)
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发布时间:2022-04-23 08:15
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时间:2022-06-18 05:53
形容词解释
一。只能用作定语,不能用作表语的形容词:little,wooden ,golden,many,elder 不能说The boy is little。the watch is golden/wooden
二、只能用作表语,不能用作定语的形容词:well,ill,alone,content,unable,worth,afraid,alive ,asleep, ashamed,awake, aware.
an ill boy ,an alone village 就是错的短语,an ill idea "坏点子"ill当定语时是转义了,不是"有病的"了。
三、表示倍数常用的句型:
He is as tall a boy as I.
He is a head taller than I .
He is two years older than I
China is four times as large as Europe.
I am twice as old as you
I am twice older than you.
I am twice the age of you.
My books are twice as many as yours
China is four times larger than Europe.
China is four times the size of Europe.
I pay twice as much as it was worth.
I pay twice as much for the house .
五.与动词有区别,表示延续状态的形容词:open,dead, still静,一动也不动,常修饰动词sit,stand
The door is open/closed.不要选opened或close.有特殊意义的形容词有:closed关,close形容词是"近",不是"关"了 near,nearly,hard,hardly,most,mostly大多数
六.very修饰原级形容词副词,修饰—ing,放在名词前表示强调。
much 修饰动词,修饰比较级最高级,修饰过去分词 。
四、--ly结尾一般是副词,但有些—ly结尾是形容词的:lonely,friendly,They talk in a friendly way.lovely,ugly,silly,likely,deadly,
五。在be,seem,及物当主语的look,taste。smell,feel,sound,appear等动词后用形容词,I looked at the flower. The flower looks beautiful. He appeared (出现)suddenly. He appeared(显得) happy.
六.表示主语长期的静止状态,不强调动作的sit,stand,lie 接形容词quiet,silent,still,red,peaceful等
The valley lay quiet and peaceful
She sat silent . They stood still.
七.become,fall ,get,go,turn 表示"变得"时后跟形容词.
The leaves fell/got/went/turned yellow.
It fell/got/went/turned cold.
八.present 表示"出席的,到场的"的时候常放在名词后,the members present 表示"现在的"则放在名词前 the present members
九.live有时可用做形容词: a live fish 活鱼(形容动物,不形容人 ) The broadcast comes to you live from Beijing .实况转播 That wire is live 电线是带电的 lively 生动的,活泼的。 His class is often lively.
十.the +adj表示一类人,是复数
The rich should help the poor.
the blind /wounded/young/old
十一.多个形容词作定语时的位置:排列顺序大致为:all/quite/such/rather限定词(包括冠词、物主代词、指示代词、数词、不定代词等) + 描绘形容词(短词在前,长词在后)+ 特征形容词(包括大小、形状、新旧、年龄等)+ 颜色形容词 + 类属形容词(包括专有形容词和材料质地形容词) + 名词性定语(包括动名词)+ 名词。
It is such a charming little short old round yellow
.......如..冠...抽.........大....高....老...形....色
french oak writing table.
..国...材....用
为方便背颂,特简化成9字诀:抽大高,老形色,国材用
抽:即抽象性质如beautiful,wonderful,terrible之类较空泛的词。
大:big,little,small,
高:tall,high,short,low
老:old,new,young,
形:square,round等
色:white,black,brown,red,gray,green,blue等
国:出产地方,往往是国家的形容词。汉语总是把产地排前,其它置后:中国美酒
材:woden,plastic,brick,silk,wool等材料,很多是名词
用:物品的用途writing,fishing,walking,swimming用来写字的,钓鱼的,走路的,往往是动名词。
1.She has a ___ jacket.(leather,brown,beautiful)beautiful brown leather
2.He has a ___ car. (long,red,American)
3.They live in a ___ house. (old,beautiful)
4.We have a ___ table. (antique,small,wooden)
5.He has a ___ jumper. (, lovely, red,woollen)
6.She has a ___ ring. (fabulous new diamond)
7.It was a ___ song.(French,old, lovely)
8.He owns a ___ dog.(black,horrible,big)
9.She bought a ___ scarf.(gorgeous,pink silk,)
10.I saw a ___ film. (,fantastic,new British)
1.beautiful brown leather jacket.
2.long red American car.
3.beautiful old house.
4.small antique wooden table.
5.lovely red woollen jumper.
6.fabulous new diamond ring.
7.lovely old French song.
8.horrible big black dog.
9.gorgeous pink silk scarf.
10.fantastic new British film.
(注上述原则不是放之四海而皆准的,要把普遍真理与特殊实际结合起来.一般说来,"抽,.....色,国,材,用"的位置是较确定的,"大,高,老,形"则不太确定,它们有时归类于"抽象"的一大类,在抽象的大词类中按短词在前,长词在后的原则甚至按照读音舒服顺口原则排列.例:
a tall intelligent young Chinese officer 一个聪慧的个子很高的年轻的中*官
一定要和形容词结合才能分清副词的用法:
形容词和副词形容词和副词在语法结构中主要用于比较级和最高级。形容词和副词的构成形式基本上一样,它们的形式与单音节、双音节和多音节有关,当然还有其特殊形式。形容词和副词比较级的基本用法分为同级比较、比较级和最高级三种形式。但这三种形式都有它们特殊的表达方式以及它们的惯用法。对以下要点大家须一一掌握。
第一节 形容词比较级和最高级的形式
一、形容词比较级和最高级的构成
形容词的比较级和最高级变化形式规则如下
构 成 法 原 级 比 较 级 最 高 级
① 一般单音节词末尾加�er 和 �est strong stronger strongest
② 单音节词如果以�e结尾,只加�r 和�st strange stranger strangest
③ 闭音节单音节词如末尾只有 一个辅音字母,
须先双写这个辅音字母,再加�er和�est sad
big
hot sadder
bigger
hotter saddest
biggest
hottest
④ 少数以�y,�er(或�ure),�ow,�ble结尾的双音节词,
末尾加�er和�est(以�y结尾的词,如�y前是辅音字母,
把y变成i,再加�er和�est,以�e结尾的词仍
只加�r和�st) angry
clever
narrow
noble angrier
cleverer
narrower
nobler angrest
cleverest
narrowest
noblest
⑤ 其他双音节和多音节词都在前面加单词more和most different more
different most
different
1) The most high 〔A〕 mountain in 〔B〕 the world is Mount Everest, which is situated 〔C〕 in Nepal and is
twenty�nine thousand one hundred and fourty one feet high 〔D〕 .
2) This house is spaciouser 〔A〕 than that 〔B〕 white 〔C〕 one I bought in Rapid City, South Dakota 〔D〕 last year.
3) Research in the social 〔A〕 sciences often proves difficulter 〔B〕 than similar 〔C〕 work in the physical 〔D〕 sciences.
二、形容词比较级或最高级的特殊形式:
1. 三个或三个以上音节的形容词只能加more和most
只能说 more beautiful而不能说beautifuller; 只能说the most beautiful而不能说beautifullest。
但是,以形容前缀�un结尾的三音节形容词不适合上述情况,如unhappy,untidy,我们可以说:unhappier→unhappiest, untidier→untidiest
2. 由�ING分词和�ED分词演变过来的形容词(包括不规则动词如know→known)只能加more或most来表示它们的比较级和最高级
more(most) striking, more(most) interesting, more(most) wounded, more(most)worn等。
4) The drawings 〔A〕 of the old masters 〔B〕 are among the treasuredest 〔C〕 works in museums 〔D〕 .
3. 英语里有些形容词由于其词义而不可能有比较级形式
absolute fatal main right universal
chief final naked simulta- utter
entire foremost perfect neous vital
eternal inevitable possible sufficient whole
excellent infinite primary supreme wooden
三、不规则形容词的比较级和最高级形式
good
well better best
bad
ill worse worst
many
much more most
little
few less least
far farther farthest
further furthest
5) African elephants are larger, fiercer, and difficulter 〔A〕 to tame 〔B〕 than 〔C〕 Asian elephants 〔D〕 .
6) Sarah Hale became 〔A〕 one of the famousest 〔B〕 magazine 〔C〕 editors in the United States ring 〔D〕 the 1800’s.
7) Of all 〔A〕 the Native American tribes 〔B〕 , the Shawnee Indians were 〔C〕 a most 〔D〕 transient.
四、例题解析
1) A错。应将“most high”改为highest。这是在考形容词比较级的构成形式。
2) A错。改为more spacious。
3) B错。 改为more difficult。
4) C错。 treasured 在本句中是�ED分词(动词treasure +ed)作形容词使用,是“宝贵的、珍贵的”意思,修饰名词 works(作品),其最高级形式应用 the most treasured。
5) A错,改为more difficult。
6) B错。改为“the most famous”,因为famous(著名的)是双音节,其最高级变化应在前面加“the most”。
7) D错。应改为“the most”,因为此处表示的是最高级,“the most transient”意为“(延续时间)最短暂的”。
第二节 副词比较级和最高级的形式
副词比较级和最高级的变化形式与形容词基本上一样
一般 副词
hard→harder →hardest
fast→faster →fastest
late→later →latest
early→earlier →earliest
特殊 副词
well →better →best
much →more →most
badly →worse →worst
little →less →least 但是,开放类副词即以后缀�ly结尾的副词不能像形容词那样加�er或�est,如
quickly →more quickly →most quickly quietly →more quietly →most quietly
〔注〕: early中的�ly不是后缀,故可以把�y变�i再加�er和�est
第三节 形容词与副词比较级和最高级的基本用法
一、原级比较的基本用法
1. 原级比较由“as+形容词或副词(或再加名词或短语)+as ”构成“原级相同”比较句,表示两者比较;其否定式,即“程度不及”比较句型为“not so(as) +形容词或副词+as”,而且as…as结构前可用just, almost, nearly, quite等表示程度的词修饰
1) Walking briskly for thirty minutes will burn as many calories as .
〔A〕 to run for fifteen minutes
〔B〕 running for fifteen minutes
〔C〕 you run for fifteen minutes
〔D〕 fifteen�minute walking
2) The gorilla(大猩猩), while 〔A〕 not quite as curious than 〔B〕 the chimpanzee(黑猩猩), shows more persistence 〔C〕 and memory retention(记忆力) in solving 〔D〕 a problem.
3) Alaska is twice 〔A〕 as larger 〔B〕 as 〔C〕 the next largest 〔D〕 state, Texas.
2. “as (so)+名词+as+名词”进行名词比较,这时一般情况下有一个表示原级的比较词,但如果第一名词前出现了形容词修饰该词或出现副词修饰谓语,应当用so而不用as
4) Thomas Jefferson’s achievements as an architect rival his contributions a politician.
〔A〕 such
〔B〕 more
〔C〕 as
〔D〕 than
5) I should say Henry is not much a writer as a reporter. (88年考题)
〔A〕 that
〔B〕 so
〔C〕 this
〔D〕 as
二、比较级
1. 比较级由“形容词(副词)比较级+than+…,”构成表示在两者中间一方比另一方“更加…”。连词than后可接句子,也可接名词、代词、名词短语、介词短语、动词、动词不定式、�ING结构和�ED结构,有时也可省去than。
6) Natural mica(云母) of 〔A〕 a superior 〔B〕 quality is cheapest 〔C〕 to obtain than synthetic 〔D〕 mica.
7) She is older than .
〔A〕 any other girl in the group
〔B〕 any girl in the group
〔C〕 all girls in the group
〔D〕 you and me as well as the group
8) Josephine McCrackin joined 〔A〕 the “Santa Cruz Sentinel” in 1905 and, until her death fifteen years late 〔B〕 , remained 〔C〕 active in journalistic 〔D〕 work.
2. 注意than前后两项相比较的人或事物要一致
9) The purpose of the research had a more important meaning for them than .
〔A〕 ours
〔B〕 with us
〔C〕 for ours it had
〔D〕 it did for us
10) Sound travels air.
〔A〕 faster through water than through 〔B〕 faster than through water and
〔C〕 through water faster and〔D〕 where it is faster through water than through
11) Gerbrand von den Feckhout, one of Rembrand’s pupils, followed 〔A〕 the style of his teacher so implicitly that 〔B〕 his paintings 〔C〕 are sometimes confused with his master 〔D〕 .
三、最高级
1. 最高级用于三者以上比较,形容词的结构形式是“定冠词+形容词最高级+名词+表示范围的短语或从句”(如all, of all, of the tree, in the world, that has ever taken place等)
12) The more 〔A〕 fearsome of all the 〔B〕 animals in 〔C〕 the Western 〔D〕 Hemisphere is the grizzly bear.
13) Of all economic 〔A〕 problems, inflation continues to be 〔B〕 a 〔C〕 most significant in its daily impact on 〔D〕 people and business.
14) , the most familiar to general public is the criminal jurisdiction.
〔A〕 All the activities
〔B〕 The activities
〔C〕 Of all the activities
〔D〕 It is the activities
2. 副词的最高级与形容词最高级的区别在于最高级前没有定冠词the
四、例题解析
1) B为正确答案。
2) B错。改为 as ,和前面的as和形容词原形curious 一起构成同程度比较。
3) B错。 改为as large。
4) C对。动词rival(胜过、匹敌)前后是两个相比较的成分achievements(成果)和 contributions(贡献),由于前面的名词后出现了短语 as an architect,故空白处也应用as,使前后对比成分一致。
5) B为正确答案。
6) C错。应改为比较级cheaper。比较级后并不一定跟接连词than,有时在其间有名词或名词短语(被形容词所修饰),介词短语,不定式或其他成分隔开。
7) A为正确答案。“She”作为单个不能跟全组比(C和D不对),也不能跟全组所有相比,因为“她”也是其中一员,自然“她”不能跟自己相比。这里“She”比较的是“这组中的任何一个”,所以A对。
8) B错。应改为比较级later,因此处实为与1905年相比晚15年,故应使用比较级。
9) D为正确答案。
10) A为正确答案。
11) D错。 改为his master’s。
12) A错。 改为most。
13) C错。改为the, significant是多音节形容词,在此处应用最高级形式(在前面加 the most),注意句中的“of all… ”。
14) C为正确答案。本句空白处缺状语,A和B全为名词短语,不符合条件;D为句子,和空白后面的句子没有任何联系,故亦应排除。只有C正确,和后面的最高级the most familiar前后呼应。
第四节 形容词和副词的特殊表达法
一、形容词与副词的同级比较: 由“as(so)…as”引出,其否定式为“not so…”或“not as…as”,考生还应注意下列含有“as”结构或短语的句子
1. as such:表示上文所指明的事或人
He is a child,and must be treated as such. 他是个孩子,必须被当作孩子对待。
2. as much:表示“与…同量”
Take as much as you like. 拿多少都行。
I would gladly have paid twice as much for it. 就是价格再贵一倍,我也会愿意把它买下的。
He as much as admitted the whole story. 他几乎全部承认了。
3. as many:表示“与…一样多”
I found six mistakes in as many lines. 我在六行中发现了六个错。
二、表示“几倍于”的比较级:用twice (两倍),four times (四倍),ten times (十倍)加上as … as 结构
This one is four times as big as that one. 这个是那个的四倍大。(这个比那个大三倍。) / Our campus is three times as large as yours. 我们的校园比你们的大两倍。 / He has books twice as many as she does. 他的书比她多一倍。
1) The five�year deal obligates 〔A〕 the country to buy nine million tons 〔B〕 of grain a year 〔C〕 , three million more as 〔D〕 the old pact’s minimum.
三、“the same +名词+as”表示同等比较
2) The lens of a camera performs the lens of the eye.
〔A〕 in the same function 〔B〕 the same function as
〔C〕 the function is the same as 〔D〕 and has the same function
3) The elimination of inflation would ensure that the amount of money used in repaying a loan would
have as the amount of money borrowed.
〔A〕 as the same value 〔B〕 the same value
〔C〕 value as the same 〔D〕 the value is the same
四、比较级前可用a little, a bit, slightly, a great deal, a lot,many, much等词语表示不定量,far, completely,still表示程度或更进一步
4) There are now methods for studying color vision in infants than there once were.
〔A〕 more sophisticated than
〔B〕 much more sophisticated
〔C〕 much sophisticated
〔D〕 sophisticated
5) The photographs of Mars taken by satellite are than those taken from the Earth.
〔A〕 clearest
〔B〕 the clearest
〔C〕 much clearer
〔D〕 more clearer
6) Common porpoises(海豚) are usually not considered 〔A〕 migratory, although 〔B〕 some do move 〔C〕 to more warmer 〔D〕 waters in winter.
兼有两种形式的副词
1) close与closely
close意思是"近"; closely 意思是"仔细地"
He is sitting close to me.
Watch him closely.
2) late 与lately
late意思是"晚"; lately 意思是"最近"
You have come too late.
What have you been doing lately?
3) deep与deeply
deep意思是"深",表示空间深度;deeply时常表示感情上的深度,"深深地"
He pushed the stick deep into the mud.
Even father was deeply moved by the film.
4) high与highly
high表示空间高度;highly表示程度,相当于much
The plane was flying high.
I think highly of your opinion.
5) wide与widely
wide表示空间宽度;widely意思是"广泛地","在许多地方"
He opened the door wide.
English is widely used in the world.
6) free与freely
free的意思是"免费";freely 的意思是"无*地"
You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.
You may speak freely; say what you like.
热心网友
时间:2022-06-18 05:54
形容词一般用在名词的前面,起到修饰名词的作用,如:鲜艳的花朵,此处鲜艳的为形容词是修饰名词花朵的。
引用说明:
形容词
1.作定语修饰名词
(1)只能作定语的形容词有:latter (后者),little,live (活着的),lone (孤独的),main,only,real,inner,outer,wooden,elder等。
(2)多个形容词修饰名词时,其排列顺序为:限定词(冠词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词)+数词+(序数词、基数词)+描绘形容词(beautiful,good,interesting , kind)+特征形容词(大小、长短、高低、形状、年龄、新旧)+颜色+国籍+材料。如:those large round black wooden tables那些大的黑色木圆桌。
(3)形容词作定语时,下列情况要后置:
修饰由some,any,every,no等构成的复合不定代词时。如:something important
某些表语形容词作定语时。如:
He was the only Enghishman presented。他是惟一到场的英国人。
表示数量的词组。如:a building six storeys high
形容词短语作定语时。如:a student worthy of praise
else要放在疑问代词或复合不定代词之后。如:
Did you see anybody else? 你见到别的人了吗?
2.作表语
(1)与系动词be,grow,get, become,turn,appear,seem, remain, stay (保持),feel,look,smell, taste,sound等连用作表语。
(2)形容词difficult,hard,dangerous,necessary,safe,unsafe, useful,pleasant,possible,impossible,probable等作表语时,主语一般是物或形式主语 it而不是人。
①He is necessary to do it. (×)
②It is necessary for him to do it. (√) 他很有必要做那件事。
注意表语形容词的用法:
ill, well意为“有病的”,“身体健康的”时只能作表语;作定语时ill为sick,well改为healthy。
以a-开头的afraid,alike,awake,alone,asleep一般作表语,作定语时要后置。
修饰表语形容词一般不用very,而用much或其它副词。如:much afraid,fast (sound) asleep,wide awake, well worth等。
worth和worthy用法不同:be worth+价值名词或动词-ing;be worthy to be done,be worthy of+名词或being done。此外, worth只作表语,而worthy既可作表语,又可作定语。如: a worthy winner(当之无愧的胜利者)
3. 作宾语补足语
(1)动词cut, find, keep, leave, make, push, tear等后用形容词作宾补。如cut sth. short , keep/ push/ tear sth. open等。
(2)某些动词词组中用形容词作宾补。如:drive sb mad,make sb angry,set sb free等。
4. 作状语表示伴随、原因、结果等,常用逗号与句子其它成分隔开。如:At last he got home, tired and hungry.
5. 形容词的比较级
(1)有两种比较级(最高级)形式的形容词
① old --older –oldest (用于人、物、可与than连用) elder-- eldest (用于兄弟姊妹,不能与than连用)
②far --farther --farthest (表距离) further-- furthest (表距离,还有“进一步”之意)
③late-- later --latest (表示时间) latter-- last (表示顺序)
(2)常用句型
①as+原级+as (as+原级+a/an+单数名词+as),否定式为not as/so+原级+as
②比较级+than+比较对象(1ess+原级+比较对象)
③比较级+and+比较级或more and more+原级
④the+比较级…,the+比较级…
⑤the +最高级(+单数名词)+of/among+复数名词或in+单数名词
⑥be one of/ among+ the+最高级+复数名词
⑦the last+原级(+单数名词)+of/ among+复数名词或in+单数名词
使用比较级、最高级的注意事项
① 比较对象要一致
误:His handwriting is more beautiful than Li Ming.
正:His handwriting is more beautiful than Li Ming’s .
他的字比李明的漂亮。
②避免自我比较,适当运用other或else (与不定代词连用)。整体句型为:
比较级+than+any other+单数名词 (any of the other+复数名词或anyone else)
误:John studies harder than any student in his class.
John属于any student中的一位,没有排除自身比较,应改为:
John studies harder than any other student in his class.
John studies harder than any of the other students in his class.
John studies harder than anyone else in his class.
约翰他班上其他任何学生都用功。(约翰是他们班上最用功的学生。)
(3) 比较级前的修饰语
修饰原级的有:fairly,pretty,quite, rather, so, too, very等。
比较级的修饰语有:a little (bit),slightly,any,some等表示“一点点,稍微”;many,much,a lot,far, by far“…得多”;even,still“更(甚)……”。
修饰最高级用如by, much,almost,nearly或序数词。
注意:
by far位于比较级之后(比较级前有定冠词时置于比较级之前),且不与than连用;修饰最高级时置于最高级之前或之后。
(4) 比较级前的冠词
①比较级前一般不加冠词。但表示两者中较突出者,且比较级后又有名词或出现了of the two,这时比较级前一定要加the。
a: Which is the larger country, Canada or Australian? 加拿大和澳大利亚,哪个国家更大?
b: Of the two jobs,he chose the harder.在两项工作中他选择了较艰苦的那一个。
② 形容词最高级要与the连用。但表示自身比较时可省去the。
The town is most beautiful at night。这座城镇在晚上最美。
6.倍数的表示方法
(1)倍数+the size (height,length,width)of…
(2)倍数+as+原级+as
(3)倍数+比较级+ than
副词
1. 副词的分类
(1)时间副词,如:today, now, then, ago, before, early, late, soon等。
(2)表示频度和重复的时间副词,如:always, often, never, hardly, again, once等。
(3)地点和方位副词,如:everywhere, here, there, home, near, away, above, below, across, in, out, inside, up, down, upstairs, around, back, behind等。
(4)方式副词,如:hard, well, together, clearly, slowly, politely, suddenly等。
(5)程度副词,如:much, quite, rather, almost, even, just, still, nearly, only, very等。
2. 副词的用法及位置
(1) 作状语修饰动词、形容词、其他副词、介词短语及全句。其位置如下:
①时间副词和地点副词一般放在句末,若两种副词同时出现,则地点副词在前,时间副词在后,也可把时间副词放在句首。
He did his work here yesterday.他昨天在这里工作。
②频度副词放在实义动词之前,助动词、情态动词及be动词之后。
You must always wait in a queue.你必须排队。
③程度副词放在所修饰的形容词之前(enough则放在后面)。如:very careful, old enough。
④方式副词修饰不及物动词时,放在所修饰的词之后;修饰及物动词时,放在动词之前或宾语之后。如宾语较长,也可将副词放在动词与宾语之间。
a: Jane’s father works hard.简的父亲工作努力。
b: Bill did the work very well. 比尔做工作很好。
c: He wrote carefully some letters to his friends. 他认真地给朋友们写信。
⑤修饰介词时(well, right, just, soon等)放在介词之前;修饰全句时(frankly, briefly, personally, luckily, generally speaking等)放在句首。
(2) 作表语。作表语的副词一般是表示地点及位置的副词。如:They are downstairs.
(3) 作定语。作定语的副词一般是表示地点、位置的副词,还有一些表示时间的副词,都作后置定语。如:In the streets below, there are other problems.
(4) 作介词宾语。如:in here,from abroad,since then,until recently,until very late等。
3. 易混淆的副词
(1) also, too, either, as well
also和too用于肯定句,either用于否定句。also放在实义动词前be动词、助动词之后,too常置于句末。as well与too可互换。
(2) already, yet , still
already(已经),用于肯定句;yet(已经)用于否定句或疑问句;still(还、仍然)一般用于肯定句或疑问句中。
(3) ago, before
ago表示“现在以前”某一时刻,常用于一般过去时。before表示“过去某一时间以前”,一般用于过去完成时;单独使用时,泛指以前,用于现在完成时或一般过去时。
(4) fast, soon
fast表示“速度快”,soon侧重指两件事情先后发生,中间间隔的时间短。
(5) just, just now
just “刚才”,常用于现在完成时。just now“刚才,不久以前”,常用于一般过去时。
(6) so…that, such…that
so修饰形容词、副词;such修饰名词。另外还要注意以下两点:
名词前有表示“多”(many,much)、“少”(1ittle,few)的形容词时,要用so。
修饰可数名词单数时,so与such可互换,但词序不同。如:such a good student相当于so good a student。
(7) almost , nearly
在not,pretty,very后只能用nearly。
在any,never,no,none前只能用almost。
其它情况下可互换。
(8) fairly, quite, rather
按程度强弱排列,顺序为:rather, quite, fairly。
fairly多用于褒义;rather多用于贬义形容词、too及比较级前。
quite和rather可修饰名词,置于“不定冠词+名词之前”。如:quite a good story, rather a strong wind。
(9)much too, too much
much too修饰形容词、副词;too much修饰不可数名词,也可单独作主语、宾语或表语。
4. 两种形式的副词在含义上的区别
close接近地 closely密切地,严密地
free免费地 freely无拘束地,自由地
hard努力地 hardly几乎不
most很,非常 mostly主要地
wide广阔,充分 widely广泛地
high高(具体) highly高度地,非常地
deep深(具体) deeply深深地(抽象)
loud大声地 loudly大声地(含有喧闹的意思)
near邻近 nearly几乎
late迟 lately近来
5. 某些以-ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词。如:friendly,deadly,likely,lively,lonely,lovely,orderly, silly,timely等。
介词
1. 掌握常用介词的基本用法及易混介词的区别
常用介词数量多,且每个介词都有多种用法,复习时应认真掌握。如beyond就有以下四种用法:
(1)(时间)过了,比……晚,迟于It won’t go on beyond midnight.这不会持续到午夜以后。
(2) (位置)在……那边,在……以外
The airport is 30 miles beyond the town.机场在离城30英里以外的地方。
(3)(范围)超过,为……所不及,超出……的范围
The bike is beyond repair. 这辆自行车已不能修理了。
(4) 除……之外(用于否定句或疑问句)
I know nothing beyond this. 除此之外,我什么都不知道。
学习介词时,还要注意区分那些含义相近的介词的区别。如表示“行路方式”的介词有by, in, on,但用法不同:by car,in a car,on/in a bus,on a bike,on foot。
2. 掌握常用介词搭配
(1)介词与动词搭配。如:agree with,believe in,depend on,refer to等。
(2)介词与形容词搭配。如:absent from,blind in,fond of,clever at等。
(3)介词与名词搭配。如:love for,contribution to, victory over, struggle against, key to等。
(4) 介词与其他词构成固定的常用副词性短语。
如:above all, in turn,in particular, on the other hand, for the time being等。
3. 介词的省略
表示时间的名词前有one,any,each,every, some,all, this,that,next,last,yesterday,tomorrow等时,名词前不用任何介词。
4. 谨防介词遗漏
(1)当不定式作状语与句子主语有逻辑上的动宾关系,或不定式作定语与所修饰的名词有动宾关系,且该不定式为不及物动词时,必须加介词。
①The chair is comfortable to sit to on (in).
②They are looking for a room to live in.
(2)在“be+形容词”结构后带宾语时,介词不可遗漏。
What are you afraid of? 你害怕什么?
(3) 在被动语态中,短语动词中的介词不能遗漏。
Your pronunciation should be paid attention to. 应该注意你的发音。
(4) 在定语从句中,如关系代词是从句谓语动词的宾语,且这个动词是不及物动词时,必须加上介词。
The library which we often go to is not far away from our school.
我们常去的那个图书馆距离我们学校很远。