Ne hadde the apple take ben 是什么语？
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发布时间：2022-04-22 11:27
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歌名：Deo gracias by 末知 15th 世纪英国
Adam lay ibounden [Adam’s (Man’s) sin enchained him]
Bounden in a bond
Foure thousand winter [4000 years, the accepted time…
Thought he not too long …from creation to Jesus’ birth]
And all was for an apple
An apple that he tok
As clerkes finden [as scribes have recorded…
Wreten in here book …in Holy Scripture]
Ne hadde the apple take ben [If the apple hadn’t
The apple take ben …been taken,
Ne hadde never our lady …then Mary would never have
A ben hevene queen …become Heaven’s Queen]
Blissed be the time [Blessed be then
That apple take was …that apple’s theft]
Therefore we moun singen [therefore we must sing:
"Deo gracias!" “thanks be to God!”]
Adam = 亚当（和夏娃，人类的始祖）上帝禁止他们吃知Eden园子里善恶树的果子，〉。。就是人类原始罪的故事
Deo gracias! 是古拉丁语
Mary = 督教圣母玛利亚 其实这首诗是赞成*教神母Virgin Mary的
list of old english words: http://web.cn.e/kwheeler/Middle_English_terms2.html
试听：
http://www.legalsounds.com/download-mp3/mediaeval-baebes/salva-nos/adam-lay-ibounden/song_549021
http://www.last.fm/music/Medi%C3%A6val+B%C3%A6bes/_/Adam+Lay+Ibounden
All the following letters are recognisably the same as modern letters:
a b c h i l m n o p u x y
The following have shapes which are slightly different to modern usage but most are the same as Ancient Irish letters:
d e f g t
The following letters have completely different shapes from the modern equivalent:
r s w
s is represented by a letter like a modern r but with a long descending vertical stroke, like the one on a p.
r is similar to s but with the curved section replaced by a pointed top like an inverted v
w looks very similar to a p but is narrower and the curved part descends at 45° to meet the descending stroke.
The three letters þ, ð, and æ are all additional to the modern alphabet.
Ancient manuscripts sometimes put accents on some of the letters, but it is not clear what they signified. They were not indications of long and short vowels and do not appear to have affected the pronunciation in any way.
Pronunciation
There is no single definitive set of rules for how Anglo-Saxon was pronounced. Firstly, pronunciation would have varied across England, as it does at the moment. Secondly, scholars are not completely decided on the exact pronunciation anyway. The following rules give a rough guideline.
Vowels
There are seven vowels: a æ e i o u y.
In Modern English, y is sometimes a vowel and sometimes a consonant. It was always a vowel in Anglo-Saxon.
The general pronunciation of the vowels is the same as most modern European languages, but different from Modern English:
* a as in path (North of England open 'ah' sound)
* e as in pet
* é as in pay
* i as in pit
* í as in peat
* o as in pot
* ó as in pole
* u as in put
* ú as in pool
* æ as American pronunciation of man
* y as in French tu or German für
The long versions of a, æ, and y (with an accent or macron) are the same but held for a longer time.
Diphthongs
A diphthong is where a vowel is pronounced and then the sound is modified into another vowel. This is done smoothly and quickly, so that the whole thing counts as one syllable rather than two. For example, in modern English, the sounds in 'tune', 'pain', and 'sole' are all diphthongs: tee-oon, pay-een, and so-ull.
There were six diphthongs in Anglo-Saxon: ea, éa, eo, éo, ie, and íe. For modern speakers, the easiest way is just to say the two vowels without a break between them, one after the other, putting the emphasis on the first. So:
ea = eh - ah
éa = ay - ah
eo = eh - o (short o like in pot)
éo = ay - o (short o like in pot)
ie = ih - eh
íe = ee - eh
Consonants
Most consonants were pronounced as in English. Ones which were different are given in the following table:
letter position pronunciation
f at start or end of word f
in middle of word v
beside unvoiced consonant f
doubled f
s at start or end of word s
in middle of word z
beside unvoiced consonant s
doubled s
sc usually sh
þ or ð at start or end of word th as in thin
in middle of word th as in that
beside unvoiced consonant th as in thin
doubled th as in thin
h at start or end of word h
in middle of word ch as in Loch
c in general k
before e, before i, after i ch as in church
g in general g as in garden
before e, before i, after i y as in yellow
in middle of word gh as Modern Greek ghamma or voiced version of ch in Loch
cg usually j sound as in bridge
ng with hard g as in finger, linger, not like in singer, even when at the end of a word
The two letters þ and ð were interchangeable. Modern scholars often try to use þ for the unvoiced 'th as in thin' sound and ð for the voiced 'th as in this' sound, but this was not the practice of the ancient scribes.
Exceptions: sc in ascian (to ask) is pronounced sk. The gy- prefix at start of some words is sometimes an alternative spelling of the prefix gie. In this case, it is pronounced with a y sound. The cg in docg (dog) is pronounced with a hard g.
Like in Italian and Finnish, doubled letters sound longer than single letters.
All letters are pronounced. So g at start of gnæt (gnat) is pronounced, as are h at start of hwæt (what) and e at end of sunne (sun).
Some Words
Many Anglo-Saxon words will be familiar to Modern English speakers, particularly when you've figured out the pronunciation:
an one
twa two
þreo three
feower four
fif five
siex or syx six
seofan seven
eahta eight
nigon nine
tyn ten
twentig twenty
hundred hundred
fif hundred þreo ond twentig five hundred and twenty-three
hwæt what
hwær where
hlaf bread (loaf)
cese cheese
scyld shield
reod red
grene green
geolu yellow
man human
wifman woman
modor mother
fæder father
dohtor daughter
sunu son
hors horse
cu cow
bridd bird
werwulf werewolf
gast ghost
dæg day
nihte night
middæg midday
Some will sound archaic:
þu you (singular) thou
abidian to await abide
dæl valley dale
tunece dress tunic
waegn wagon wain
æfansang evening evensong
wendan to go wend
bearn child rn
ær before ere
wyrd fate weird
Others will sound completely strange, as the word has changed in usage or has been replaced in Modern English by a word from a different language.
werman man
beorscipe feast
migan to urinate
sweorcian to darken
wrecan to recite
siþ journey
þrowian to suffer
læne temporary
Some phrases
wes þu hal hello (be you hale)
god þe mid sie goodbye
hu gæþ hit how are you? (how goes it)
hit gæþ god I'm well (it goes good)
ic þancie þe I thank you
http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A695478
YE(the) OLDE (old) DICTIONARY OF THE OLD ENGLISH LANGUAGE
art - are
bequeath (one of my personal favorites) - To give or leave by will; to hand down.
beseech - request, ask.
besought – asked, made request. (past tense of bessech.)
canst - can
dearth - (rth) scarcity or scant supply of anything; want or lack.
draught or draft – Can mean the act of pulling or drawing loads; a pull or haul; a team of animals for pulling a load; the drawing in of a fish net; the bunch of fish that were drawn in by the net; but… your typical Rennie will prefer one of these usages: the act of inhaling; that which is inhaled; or, the number one definition for common folk everywhere: the drawing of a liquid from its receptacle, as of ale from a cask!!!!
rst – Dare; to have the necessary boldness or courage for something.
fere - friend, companion.
fullsome - rich, plentiful.
huzzah - Huzza or huzzah is first recorded in 1573. According to a number of writers in the 17th and 18th centuries, it was originally a sailor's cheer or salute. (Old French, huzzer, “to shout aloud;” German, hussah!) Submitted by John Of www.renaissancefestival.com
mere - An expanse of water; lake; pool.
midst – Middle, or among. e.g., "in the midst of the storm…
nary - None; absolutely nothing; not even close to anything.
The good Jester also included an example of the word's usage:
"Thou dost hast nary an inkling on coveting thine lady."
And for the fullness of your understanding, this modern translation of the above phrase:
"You wouldn't know how to please a babe if you spent 10 years on the set of Oprah!"
naught – Nothing. (Did you know our modern word “not” is actually an abbreviated form of this Olde-English word, which was itself a shortened form of “no whit” or “not a whit”?)
prithee - contracted form of "I pray thee", i.e., I ask of you, I beseech thee, etc.
Rennies - Renaissance fanatics; also people who are addicted to Renaissance Faires, costume, and anything else reminiscent of that era. Alright, this isn’t really an O.E. word at all – it’s a catchy name, though!
shall or shalt - will
seek - (O.E. secan, to seek) To go in search or quest of; to look or search for.
tarry - to linger, deliberate, wait, stay, or pause.
thou - you
thee - you
thine - your
thy - your
trow – To think or suppose. e.g., "Wilt thou labor for naught? I trow not!"
whence - From where, e.g., "Whence, comest thou?" would translate to the modern "Where do you come from?"
wax - to grow, to become.
whither - To where, e.g., "Whither thou goest, I shall go." translates in modern English as "Where you go, I will go."
wilt – This one is tricky. It can mean very simply, will; but then it could also mean what a flower does without water, or what I do when asked to cook - it all depends on the context…
wist - knew; past tense of wit, e.g. He wist that his love was coming...
wit – To know, e.g., Canst thou wit what the day shall bring?
yore - years ago.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A695478
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