托福阅读细节题怎么做
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发布时间：2022-07-04 02:46
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热心网友
时间：2023-11-17 04:56
小白总会有一些不适用大众方法进行复习的短板。这时如果强行套用别人的复习技巧，就容易事倍功半得不偿失。
如果你的语法基础还不错，但是单词量不行，那么不靠技巧单纯阅读文章的方法在你身上肯定行不通。
这时候主要有两个解决方式：
1.以题型分类进行技巧训练。
2.以长难句为侧重点进行阅读能力提升训练。
小白在看阅读材料的时候总是无法抓住重点，这里提醒大家关注“关键词”和“同义替换”两个阅读重点。关键词指阅读题语段中的关键性词句，也就是我们在读中文文章时经常提到的中心思想，掌握了一个句子的关键词句后，才能融会贯通的串联起整个文章的意思。而TFnotgiven题只有用好了同义替换的技巧，才能在看懂文章的基础上进行答题。
词组的转换
词组的转换一般情况下是同义词转换的一个衍生。当一个词无法用另一个同义词到位地解释时，可能会出现用词组解释的情况。另外如果本身就是词组的形式，那么通常来讲还是会用词组的形式进行解释。
例如：
Example1:
原文：Computers are gainingin popularity, despite their cost.
题目：Computers are morepopular than they used to be.
原文当中的gaining in popularity题目中用morepopular than they used to
be作为替换。两者在意思上属于完全一致的同义转换，因此答案为TRUE。
Example2:
原文：Biologically, aspecies becomes extinct when its last indivial
dies.
题目： In biological terms,a species is said to be extinct when only one
indivial exists.
原文当中的biologically用题目的inbiological terms作为替换。Become则由issaid to
be作为替换。但是原文当中的die在题目中变成了exist, 直接相反的意思。介于最后这一处的转换与原文信息不符，可以判断出此题答案是FALSE。
Example3:
There were severalreasons for the research into plastics in the nineteenth
century, among themthe great advances that had been made in the field of
_____and the search foralternatives to natural resources like ivory.
解析：根据nineteenth century定位到文中第二段......Theimpetus behind the development of
these early plastics was generated by anumber of factors-immense technological
progress in the domain ofchemistry,.......其中，in the field of意思等同于inthe domain
of“在....领域”，因此答案为chemistry。
In recent years, manyof them have been obliged to give up their _____
lifestyle, but they continueto depend mainly on _____ for their food and
clothes.
解析：根据上下文定位到文中 Overthe past 40 years, most have abandoned their nomadic ways
and settled in theterritory's 18 isolated communities, but they still rely
heavily on naturetoprovide food and clothing. 因为大多数同学都认识abandon,
更知道giveup是“放弃”的意思，属于单词与词组的替换，因此第一个空填nomadic,lifestyle“生活方式”与ways替 换，dependmainly
on与rely heavily on属于词组与词组的替换，意为“依赖......”，答案为nature。
词的转换
1.相同词性的同义替换：
相同词性的同义替换一般指的是只涉及单个单词的转换。单个单词的转换包括词性转换及同义词转换。其中词性转换是相对简单的一种，词汇量可观的考生自然可以游刃有余，轻松应对;即便不认识被转换了的单词的考生，也可以通过词根词缀以及上下文进行猜测。
例如：
Example1:
One of the brain’smost difficult tasks is to
A. react to their ownthoughts
B. helped createlanguage in humans
C. respond instantlyto whatever is happening
题干中的核心信息most
difficult应该在读题的过程中被考生捕捉到，在定位时应充分考虑到被代换的可能性;另外备考时训练充分有素的考生还会考虑到句子结构的整体顺序的不同。这样，当定位到原文的对应信息句：
Making a rapidemotional assessment of the events of the moment is an
extremely demanding jobfor the brain, animal or human.
考生应该能够敏锐地发现extremelydemanding是most
difficult的代换，由此确定该句所表达的意思是正确答案，在list中搜寻正确的选项时，句子中的内容被再一次代换，其中原文中 rapidemotional
assessment of the events被代换为respond instantly towhatever is happening,
至此，答案为C。
Example2:
It has been suggestedthat children hold mistaken views about the 'pure'
science that they study atschool. 根据'pure'定位到文中第二段第一行Manystudies have shown that
children harbour misconceptions about 'pure' science,curriculum science.
短短一句话我们可以发现有三组四处同义替换，分别为suggested-shown;hold-harbour; mistaken
views-misconceptions; science that they study atschool-curriculum science.
因此答案为TRUE。
Example3:
Some people maybelieve that the teacher- subjects’ behavior could be
explained as a positivesurvival
mechanism.可以看出句中positive和survival是关键词，由句中出现的survivalmechanism可判断为是从生物角度来谈论的，又因为原文的
F段首句：One’sfirst inclination might be to argue that there are must be some sort
of built inanimal aggression instinct that …
中提到了相关内容，所以定位到该段。迅速扫描，搜寻和两个关键词对应的信息，除了在该段第六行出现了原词重现的survival,
还在上一行出现了advantageous, 显然是positive的代换。由于原文跟题目中的信息吻合，所以答案是TRUE。
2.不同词性的同义替换
不同词性同义代换顾名思义，就是在代换时不受词性的*，比如：obvious换成clearly; similar换成resemble等。
Example1:
Despite substantialfunding, results (of this program) have been
disappointing.
代换为：This program failedalthough they received sufficient funding.
因为把disappointing换成了failed, “although”代换了“inspite of”,
通过词的代换就会很自然的实现英文中提倡的句式多样性。
热心网友
时间：2023-11-17 04:56
