英语中不定式是什么
发布网友
发布时间：2022-04-23 01:50
共5个回答
热心网友
时间：2023-07-28 16:22
A．动词不定式作主语
To
say
is
one
thing
and
to
do
is
another.
说是一回事，做又是另一回事。
B．
动词不定式作表语
To
live
is
to
do
something
worthwhile.
活着就是要做一些有价值的事情。
C．
动词不定式作宾语
I
never
thought
to
meet
you
here.
我没想到在这里遇见你。
There
is
nothing
we
can
do
but
wait
patiently.
我们只能耐心等待。
D．
动词不定式作宾语补足语
Did
you
see
him
go
out
你看见他出去了吗？
E．
动词不定式作定语
The
next
train
to
arrive
was
from
New
York.
下一列到站的火车是从纽约开来的。
She
has
a
child
to
take
care
of.
她有一个孩子要照看。
F．
动词不定式作状语
To
save
the
child,
he
laid
down
his
life.
为了救那个孩子，他献出了生命。
What
have
I
said
to
make
you
so
angry
我说了什么话使你气成这样？
热心网友
时间：2023-07-28 16:22
不定式有动词的性质，有语态和时态。如：
一般式主动语态：to
write
被动语态：to
be
written
进行式：to
be
writing
完成式：to
have
written
完成式被动语态：to
have
been
written
动词不定式的动词性质还表现在可带宾语和状语组成不定式短语。例：Bill
asked
me
not
to
say
his
name
aloud.
(比尔要我别大声叫他的名字。有宾语和状语。）
不定式也有名词的性质，表现在可以在句中做主语、宾语、表语等。如：
To
be
content
with
little
is
true
happiness.知足常乐。（主语）
She
wants
to
improve
her
biology.她想提高她的生物学水平。（宾语）
He
was
the
right
man
to
marry
Jane.
他正是要娶简的人。（定语）
动词不定式在句子中非常活跃，除了谓语之外所有的成分都能担当，位置往往灵活多变，要根据句子来具体分析，这大概是称为“不定”的原因吧。
热心网友
时间：2023-07-28 16:23
【例如】
To complete the 30storied building in one year was
quite a difficult task.
To do that implies taking responsibility.
当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语，而将不定式放到
谓语的后面。
【例如】
It is important for modern young people to master
at least two foreign languages.
It做形式主语，不定式放在谓语动词之后常用于下列结构中：
a) It is＋形容词(easy, important, difficult, foolish,
inconvenient, unnecessary, right, wrong...)＋( for/of sb.)＋
不定式
【例如】
It is essential to reserve a table in advance of
Christmas Eve. hard to put my hopessintoswords.
It is not easy to catch fish with your hands only.
It is important for us young people to learn English and
master it.
b) It is＋名词(a pleasure, a pity, a pleasant thing,
one’s ty, an honor, a shame, a crime, no easy job...)
＋不定式
It is a sheer waste of time to read that kind of trash.
It is a pity to have to go without her.
It is a glorious death to die for the people.
c) It takes (sb.) some time (hours, months, days,
a lot of time, patience...)＋不定式
It takes me three hours to learn English each day.
It took them half the night to get home in the snow.
2)不定式作表语不定式作表语常表示将来的动作，主语常常是表示
意向、打算、计划的词，如wish, idea, task, purpose, ty,
job等。
【例如】
The most important thing for one’s health is to have
plenty of exercise.
My chief purpose has been to point out the difficulties of
the matter.
The purpose of the organization is to greet all new comers
to the city and to provide them with any necessary
information.
What I wanted was to get the work done as quickly as possible.
3)不定式作宾语不定式常在下列动词后面作宾语：
afford,agree,apply,arrange,ask,attempt,beg,begin,care,
choose,claim,consent,demand,decide,desire,determine,
expect,fail,hope,hesitate,hate,intend,learn,like,manage,mean,
neglect,offer,plan,prepare pretend,promise,refuse,resolve,
seek,tend,threaten,want等。
【例如】
I like to go out for walks in the warm sunshine in
spring.
My mother hates to move from place to place, for she feels
tired.I decide to work hard and get doctor’s degree.
The room is designed to be my study,but now it has to
be used as a bedroom for the children.
She failed to finish the assignment in time, and she was
worried about it.
There is a man at the reception desk who seems very angry
and I think he means( )trouble. (CET-4 1997, 1)
A) making B) to make
C) to have made D)shavingsmade
mean后面一般加不定式，所以A和D可以排除。根据句意，
他看起来非常生气，他想找麻烦，不定式的动作还没有实施，
应用一般式， 因此答案为B。不定式作宾语还常用在下面
结构中；主语＋动词＋it＋形容词＋不定式。
【例如】
We found it impossible to get everything ready in time.
I think it important to learn English well in college.
使用这种句型的常见动词有：believe, consider, declare, feel,
find, guess, imagine, prove, realize, suppose, think,等。
4)“whword＋不定式”结构不定式前加一个疑问代词(what,
which, who, whom, whose)或疑问副词(where, when, how, why)，
以及连词whether构成特殊的不定式短语，其作用相当于一个从句，
这样的不定式短语常在某些动词后面作宾语。
常见的可以接这种不定式短语的动词有：
know, see, decide, tell,ask,consider,discover,explain,
findout,forget,guess,hear,imagine,inquire,learn,observe,
perceive,remember,think,understand,wonder等。
【例如】
I couldn’t decide which book to choose. I can tell
youswheresto get this book.They found it hard to decide
whether to go swimming next Sunday or to visit Aunt
Sally in New Year.“whword+不定式”结构除了作宾语外，
还可以在句中作主语或者表语。
【例如】
When to start the program remains undecided.
The question is how to put the plansintospractice.
5)不定式作状语
a)不定式作状语表示目的。或用于so as和in order之后，
来强调这种目的。
【例如】
To learn a foreign language well, you must make painstaking
efforts.
Mother saved every cent she could spare to pay for my schooling.
We must develop science and technology at high speed
so as to raise scientific and cultural level of our country.
Insgroups to get a high mark in Band 4, he did a lot of
exercises both in grammar and reading comprehension.
b)不定式表示结果，特别是在so...as to, such...as to,
only to...以及too...to等结构中的不定式表示结果。
【例如】
I rushed to the station as fast as I could, only to
find the train already gone.
She left her hometown with her beloved man, never to return.
No one is too old to learn.
Would you be so kind as to carry the luggage for me?
c)不定式常用来修饰形容词，构成下列词组：be able to,
be afraid to, be apt to, be bound to, be certain to,
be easy to, be eager to, be fit to, be likely to, be ready
to, be sure to, be unable to, be unwilling to, be willing to等。
【例如】
Chinese team is bound to win the World Cup.
It is likely to rain today, for it is very cloudy.
I am willing to help you with your homework, for we are
friends.
6)不定式作宾语补语不定式常跟在下列动词之后作宾语补语：
ask, advise, allow, beg, cause, compel, command, enable,
encourage, expect, feel, force, find, hear, have,
inform, invite,let, make, mean, notice, order, permit, persuade,
remind, require, request, teach, tell, urge, watch,
warn, watch等。
【例如】
Because of the complexity of the modern equipments,
most offices require secretaries to have specified training.
He asked you to call him at ten o’clock.
The note reminds me to be careful whatever I do.
I’d never allow my children to behave like that.
当不定式在let, make, have, hear, look at, listen to,
feel, observe, watch, notice, perceive(感觉到)等
动词后面作宾语补语时， 不定式不带to.
【例如】
Whenever something is wrong with you,please do let me know.
I will have the students write a passage about Internet.
I saw my mother shed tears at the news that the neighbor
girl got seriously hurt in a car accident.
It seemed so long before he heard the stone hit the water.
7)不定式作主补带有宾语及宾语补足语结构的动词变为被动语态时，
原来的宾语变为主语，宾补则变为主补。加主补的动词主要有：assume,
believe, know, report, say, suppose等。
【例如】
Mr. Brown is said to have left for Italy last week.
(It is said that Mr. Brown left for Italy last week.)
Persons have been said to climb on roofs, solve
mathematical problems, compose music, walk through
windows and commit murder in their sleep.
He is reported to have won the 100meter running race
in the Olympic games.
8)不定式作定语
a)不定式作定语通常要放在其所修饰的名词或代词之后。
不定式常作下列的名词定语：attempt, ability, anything,
chance, desire, determination, decision, effort, failure,
intention, need, opportunity, plan, promise, pressure,
right, tendency,time, way等。
【例如】
His efforts to carry out the plan were successful.I have
no intention to go to the cinema with you.
There is no need to bother him with such trifles.
There is a tendency to writer quite long sentences
in commercial correspondence.
The pressure( )causes Americans to be energetic,
but it also put them under a constant emotional strain.
(CET-4 1997,6)
A) to compete B) competing
C) to be competed D)shavingscompeted
pressure后面应接后置定语，表示竞争的压力。单个分词作
定语一般置于名词前，故B和D可以排除。C为不定式的被动式，
而竞争和压力之间没有被动关系， 因此正确答案为A。
特别注意的是在
不定式与其修饰的名词有动宾关系时，
要根据句子的需要在不定式后加适当的介词，
这个介词的选用取决于被修饰的名词或不定式本身的要求。
【例如】
She is a very nice person to work with.
This is an important issue to talk about.
b)由only, last, next,序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词
常用不定式作定语。
【例如】
Mr. Zhang is always the first man to arrive at the office
and the last man to leave.I don’t think he is the best
one to do the work.
9)不带to的不定式在下列词组后面的不定式不带to：would
rather ...than(宁愿……也不), had better...(最好)，can’t help
but...(不得不), had rather...(宁愿)，cannot but...
(不得不，必然)，may/might as well...(不妨)，
let alone(更不用说)。
【例如】 You’d better return the books to the library
on time. Otherwise, you will be fined. I can’t help but wish
that nothing would go wrong.
They had never seen such delicious food, let alone eat it
热心网友
时间：2023-07-28 16:23
【例如】
To complete the 30storied building in one year was
quite a difficult task.
To do that implies taking responsibility.
当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语，而将不定式放到
谓语的后面。
【例如】
It is important for modern young people to master
at least two foreign languages.
It做形式主语，不定式放在谓语动词之后常用于下列结构中：
a) It is＋形容词(easy, important, difficult, foolish,
inconvenient, unnecessary, right, wrong...)＋( for/of sb.)＋
不定式
【例如】
It is essential to reserve a table in advance of
Christmas Eve. hard to put my hopessintoswords.
It is not easy to catch fish with your hands only.
It is important for us young people to learn English and
master it.
b) It is＋名词(a pleasure, a pity, a pleasant thing,
one’s �ty, an honor, a shame, a crime, no easy job...)
＋不定式
It is a sheer waste of time to read that kind of trash.
It is a pity to have to go without her.
It is a glorious death to die for the people.
c) It takes (sb.) some time (hours, months, days,
a lot of time, patience...)＋不定式
It takes me three hours to learn English each day.
It took them half the night to get home in the snow.
2)不定式作表语不定式作表语常表示将来的动作，主语常常是表示
意向、打算、计划的词，如wish, idea, task, purpose, ty,
job等。
【例如】
The most important thing for one’s health is to have
plenty of exercise.
My chief purpose has been to point out the difficulties of
the matter.
The purpose of the organization is to greet all new comers
to the city and to provide them with any necessary
information.
What I wanted was to get the work done as quickly as possible.
3)不定式作宾语不定式常在下列动词后面作宾语：
afford,agree,apply,arrange,ask,attempt,beg,begin,care,
choose,claim,consent,demand,decide,desire,determine,
expect,fail,hope,hesitate,hate,intend,learn,like,manage,mean,
neglect,offer,plan,prepare pretend,promise,refuse,resolve,
seek,tend,threaten,want等。
【例如】
I like to go out for walks in the warm sunshine in
spring.
My mother hates to move from place to place, for she feels
tired.I decide to work hard and get doctor’s degree.
The room is designed to be my study,but now it has to
be used as a bedroom for the children.
She failed to finish the assignment in time, and she was
worried about it.
There is a man at the reception desk who seems very angry
and I think he means( )trouble. (CET-4 1997, 1)
A) making B) to make
C) to have made D)shavingsmade
mean后面一般加不定式，所以A和D可以排除。根据句意，
他看起来非常生气，他想找麻烦，不定式的动作还没有实施，
应用一般式， 因此答案为B。不定式作宾语还常用在下面
结构中；主语＋动词＋it＋形容词＋不定式。
【例如】
We found it impossible to get everything ready in time.
I think it important to learn English well in college.
使用这种句型的常见动词有：believe, consider, declare, feel,
find, guess, imagine, prove, realize, suppose, think,等。
4)“wh�word＋不定式”结构不定式前加一个疑问代词(what,
which, who, whom, whose)或疑问副词(where, when, how, why)，
以及连词whether构成特殊的不定式短语，其作用相当于一个从句，
这样的不定式短语常在某些动词后面作宾语。
常见的可以接这种不定式短语的动词有：
know, see, decide, tell,ask,consider,discover,explain,
findout,forget,guess,hear,imagine,inquire,learn,observe,
perceive,remember,think,understand,wonder等。
【例如】
I couldn’t decide which book to choose. I can tell
youswheresto get this book.They found it hard to decide
whether to go swimming next Sunday or to visit Aunt
Sally in New Year.“wh�word+不定式”结构除了作宾语外，
还可以在句中作主语或者表语。
【例如】
When to start the program remains undecided.
The question is how to put the plansintospractice.
5)不定式作状语
a)不定式作状语表示目的。或用于so as和in order之后，
来强调这种目的。
【例如】
To learn a foreign language well, you must make painstaking
efforts.
Mother saved every cent she could spare to pay for my schooling.
We must develop science and technology at high speed
so as to raise scientific and cultural level of our country.
Insgroups to get a high mark in Band 4, he did a lot of
exercises both in grammar and reading comprehension.
b)不定式表示结果，特别是在so...as to, such...as to,
only to...以及too...to等结构中的不定式表示结果。
【例如】
I rushed to the station as fast as I could, only to
find the train already gone.
She left her hometown with her beloved man, never to return.
No one is too old to learn.
Would you be so kind as to carry the luggage for me?
c)不定式常用来修饰形容词，构成下列词组：be able to,
be afraid to, be apt to, be bound to, be certain to,
be easy to, be eager to, be fit to, be likely to, be ready
to, be sure to, be unable to, be unwilling to, be willing to等。
【例如】
Chinese team is bound to win the World Cup.
It is likely to rain today, for it is very cloudy.
I am willing to help you with your homework, for we are
friends.
6)不定式作宾语补语不定式常跟在下列动词之后作宾语补语：
ask, advise, allow, beg, cause, compel, command, enable,
encourage, expect, feel, force, find, hear, have,
inform, invite,let, make, mean, notice, order, permit, persuade,
remind, require, request, teach, tell, urge, watch,
warn, watch等。
【例如】
Because of the complexity of the modern equipments,
most offices require secretaries to have specified training.
He asked you to call him at ten o’clock.
The note reminds me to be careful whatever I do.
I’d never allow my children to behave like that.
当不定式在let, make, have, hear, look at, listen to,
feel, observe, watch, notice, perceive(感觉到)等
动词后面作宾语补语时， 不定式不带to.
【例如】
Whenever something is wrong with you,please do let me know.
I will have the students write a passage about Internet.
I saw my mother shed tears at the news that the neighbor
girl got seriously hurt in a car accident.
It seemed so long before he heard the stone hit the water.
7)不定式作主补带有宾语及宾语补足语结构的动词变为被动语态时，
原来的宾语变为主语，宾补则变为主补。加主补的动词主要有：assume,
believe, know, report, say, suppose等。
【例如】
Mr. Brown is said to have left for Italy last week.
(It is said that Mr. Brown left for Italy last week.)
Persons have been said to climb on roofs, solve
mathematical problems, compose music, walk through
windows and commit murder in their sleep.
He is reported to have won the 100�meter running race
in the Olympic games.
8)不定式作定语
a)不定式作定语通常要放在其所修饰的名词或代词之后。
不定式常作下列的名词定语：attempt, ability, anything,
chance, desire, determination, decision, effort, failure,
intention, need, opportunity, plan, promise, pressure,
right, tendency,time, way等。
【例如】
His efforts to carry out the plan were successful.I have
no intention to go to the cinema with you.
There is no need to bother him with such trifles.
There is a tendency to writer quite long sentences
in commercial correspondence.
The pressure( )causes Americans to be energetic,
but it also put them under a constant emotional strain.
(CET-4 1997,6)
A) to compete B) competing
C) to be competed D)shavingscompeted
pressure后面应接后置定语，表示竞争的压力。单个分词作
定语一般置于名词前，故B和D可以排除。C为不定式的被动式，
而竞争和压力之间没有被动关系， 因此正确答案为A。
特别注意的是在
不定式与其修饰的名词有动宾关系时，
要根据句子的需要在不定式后加适当的介词，
这个介词的选用取决于被修饰的名词或不定式本身的要求。
【例如】
She is a very nice person to work with.
This is an important issue to talk about.
b)由only, last, next,序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词
常用不定式作定语。
【例如】
Mr. Zhang is always the first man to arrive at the office
and the last man to leave.I don’t think he is the best
one to do the work.
9)不带to的不定式在下列词组后面的不定式不带to：would
rather ...than(宁愿……也不), had better...(最好)，can’t help
but...(不得不), had rather...(宁愿)，cannot but...
(不得不，必然)，may/might as well...(不妨)，
let alone(更不用说)。
【例如】 You’d better return the books to the library
on time. Otherwise, you will be fined. I can’t help but wish
that nothing would go wrong.
They had never seen such delicious food, let alone eat it.
热心网友
时间：2023-07-28 16:24
动词不定式是一种非限定性动词，非限定动词是指那些在句中不能单独充当谓语的动词，分为不定式，动名词，现在分词和过去分词，由to＋动词原形构成，但在有些情况下to可以省略。在句中不能单独作谓语。它具有动词的性质，本身可以带宾语和状语。动词不定式在句中可以作除了谓语之外的任何成分，还可用在复合结构中，而且有完成式、进行式、完成进行式和否定形式。动词不定式的被动形式除了一般形式外还有其完成式和进行式。
[编辑本段]动词不定式的时态、语态
动词不定式可以作以上各种成分，但它毕竟是动词，所以有动词的属性
动词不定式及其短语还可以有自己的宾语、状语，虽然动词不定式在语法上没有表面上的直接主语，但它表达的意义是动作，这一动作一定由使动者发出。这一使动者我们称之为
逻辑主语，其形式如下：
主动形式
被动形式
一般式
（not）
to
make
（not）
to
be
made
完成式
（not）
to
have
made
（not）
to
have
been
made
进行式
（not）
to
be
making
完成进行式
（not）
to
have
been
making
(1)语态
如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者，不定式一般要用被动语态形式。如：
It's
a
great
honour
to
be
invited
to
Mary's
birthday
party.（不定式作主语）
It
was
impossible
for
lost
time
to
be
made
up.（不定式作主语）
I
wish
to
be
sent
to
work
in
the
country.（不定式作宾语）
Can
you
tell
me
which
is
the
car
to
be
repaired?（不定式作定语）
He
went
to
the
hospital
to
be
examined.（不定式作状语）
在There
be结构中，修饰主语的不定式可用被动，也可用主动。如：There
are
still
many
things
to
t
ake
care
of
(to
be
taken
care
of).但有时两种形式表达的意思不同，如：These
is
nothing
to
do
now.(
We
have
nothing
to
do
now.)
There
is
nothing
to
be
done
now.(We
can
do
nothing
now.)
(2)时态
1)
现在时：一般现在时表示的动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。
He
seems
to
know
this.
I
hope
to
see
you
again.
=
I
hope
that
I'll
see
you
again. 我希望再见到你。
2)
完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
I'm
sorry
to
have
given
you
so
much
trouble.
He
seems
to
have
caught
a
cold.
3)
进行时：
表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
He
seems
to
be
eating
something.
4)
完成进行时：
She
is
known
to
have
been
wreaking
on
the
problem
for
many
years
答案补充
http://ke.baidu.com/view/26732.htm详细的可以到这上面看。
