英语简单句和陈述句的构成
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发布时间：2022-04-22 23:52
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时间：2023-06-23 20:26
1.主语+系动词+表语
系动词和表语一起构成复合谓语
2.主语+谓语
3.主语+谓语+宾语
4.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
陈述句：分为肯定句和否定句（全否定和半否定）
肯定句：基本结构为主+谓
例如：It
is
cold
in
winter.
He
went
to
London
to
pass
his
holiday.
否定句：
1、全否定：用not,
no,
never,
neither,
none,
nothing等否定。表示“完全不是，完全不”的意思。
例如：He
is
not
a
worker.
Nothing
is
wrong
with
me.
2、半否定句：在句子里用否定词hardly,
scarcely,
little,
few,
seldom,
rarely等。
例如：I
hardly
see
anything
in
the
room.
=I
can
see
little
in
the
room.
“all/both/every/each/+谓语+not”表示概念为“有的是，有的不是”
例如：All
of
them
are
not
students.
=Some
of
them
are
students,
some
are
not.
3、宾语从句的否定形式：用在think,
believe,
suppose引导的宾语从句里则否定主句。
例如：I
don't
think
he'll
come.
=He
will
not
come
in
fact,
I
think.
1
只包含一个主谓结构的句子就叫做简单句
这么简单！
2
陈述句否定式的构成
(1)
如果肯定陈述句的谓语部分含有助动词、情态动词或连系动词be，则只需在这些动词后加not即可构成否定式。
He
is
playing
the
guitar.（肯定）
He
is
not
playing
the
guitar.（否定）
We
can
get
there
before
dark.（肯定）
We
can’t
get
thee
before
dark.（否定）
(2)
如果陈述句的谓语动词是实义动词，而其中又没有情态动词或助动词时，则需根据人称和时态在该实义动词前加don’t,
doesn’t或didn’t。同时把该实义动词变为原形。
He
plays
the
violin
well.（肯定）
He
doesn’t
play
the
violin
well.（否定）
She
won
the
game.（肯定）
She
didn’t
win
the
game.（否定）
(3)
如果句子是there
be结构或谓语动词是have（有），除了be和have之后加not之外，句中如果有some要变为any。例如：
There
is
some
water
in
the
cup.
→There
is
not
any
water
in
the
cup.
He
has
some
books.
→He
has
not
any
books.
(4)
除not以外，否定词no,
never,
nothing,
nobody,
few等也可构成否定句。例如：
There
is
something
wrong
with
his
bike.
→There
is
nothing
wrong
with
his
bike.
I
have
seen
the
film.
→I
have
never
seen
the
film.
