2020年 高考英语 江苏卷 阅读理解精析
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发布时间：2022-09-03 02:22
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时间：2024-12-04 20:20
Sometimes it's hard to let go 放手 . For many British people, that can apply to 应用于 institutions and objects that represent their country's past — age-old 古老的 castles, splendid华丽的 homes ... and red phone boxes 红色电话亭 .
Beaten first by the march of （the march of sth ...的稳步发展） technology and lately by the terrible weather in junkyards (废品场) , the phone boxes representative of（be representative of sth/sb 典型的;有代表性的） an age are now making something of a comeback 再度流行 . Adapted in imaginative ways, many have reappeared on city streets and village greens housing tiny cafes, cellphone repair shops, or even defibrillator machines (除颤器).
The original iron boxes with the round roofs first appeared in 1926. They were designed by Giles Gilbert Scott, the architect 建筑师 of the Battersea Power Station in London. After becoming an important part of many British streets, the phone boxes began disappearing in the 1980s, with the rise of the mobile phone sending most of them away to the junkyards.
About that time, Tony Inglis' engineering and transport company got the job to remove phone boxes from the streets and sell them out （sell out 售空） . But Inglis ended up（end up doing sth 以...结束） buying hundreds of them himself, with the idea of repairing and selling them. He said that he had heard the calls 听到召唤 to preserve the boxes and had seen how some of them were listed as historic buildings 历史性建筑 .
As Inglis and, later other businessmen, got to work, repurposed（repurpose v. 为适应新用途对...稍加修改） phone boxes began reappearing in cities and villages as people found new uses for them . Today, they are once again 再一次 a familiar sight 熟悉的场景 , playing roles 扮演角色 that are often just as important for the community as their original purpose.
In rural areas在农村地区, where ambulances救护车 can take a relatively long time to arrive, the phone boxes have taken on 承担 a lifesaving role. Local organizations can adopt 采用 them for 1 pound, and install安装 defibrillators to help in emergencies在紧急情况下 .
Others also looked at the phone boxes and saw business opportunities 看到了商机. LoveFone, a company that advocates提倡 repairing cellphones rather than 而不是 abandoning them, opened a mini- workshop 车间 in a London phone box in 2016.
The tiny shops made economic sense 有经济意义 , according to 根据 Robert Kerr, a founder 创始人 of LoveFone. He said that one of the boxes generated around $13,500 in revenue收益 a month and cost only about $400 to rent.
Inglis said phone boxes called to mind 使想起 an age when things were built to last. "I like what they are to people, and I enjoy bringing things back," he said. （enjoy doing sth ）
C
For those who can stomach （v. 能吃，吃得下） it, working out（work out 运动,锻炼） before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eating first, according to a study of meal timing and physical activity .
Athletes and scientists have long known that meal timing affects performance. However, far less has been known about how meal timing and exercise might affect general health 整体健康状况 .
To find out, British scientists concted a study 进行了一项研究. They first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise healthy young men, whose lifestyles are, for better and worse, representative of those of most of us. They tested the men's fitness and resting metabolic (新陈代谢的) rates and took samples (样品) of their blood and fat tissue 脂肪组织.
Then, on two separate morning visits to the scientists' lab, each man walked for an hour at an average speed that, in theory理论上 , should allow his body to rely mainly on 主要依靠 fat for fuel. Before one of these workouts , the men skipped breakfast 不吃早餐 , meaning that they exercised on a completely empty stomach after a long overnight fast (禁食) . On the other occasion, they ate a rich morning meal about two hours before they started walking.
Just before and an hour after each workout, the scientists took additional samples of the men's blood and fat tissue.
Then they compared the samples. There were considerable differences 巨大的差异 . Most obviously, the men displayed lower blood sugar levels at the start of 在...的开始 their workouts when they had skipped breakfast than when they had eaten. As a result 结果 , they burned more fat 燃烧更多的脂肪 ring walks on an empty stomach than when they had eaten first. On the other hand 在另一方面 , they burned slightly more calories (卡路里), on average 平均 , ring the workout after breakfast than after fasting.
But it was the effects deep within the fat cells that may have been the most significant, the researchers found.（强调句式） Multiple genes behaved differently, depending on whether 取决于是否 someone had eaten or not before walking. Many of these genes proce proteins (蛋白质) that can improve blood sugar regulation and insulin (胰岛素) levels throughout the body and so are associated with 与...相联系 improved metabolic health 代谢健康 . These genes were much more active when the men had fasted before exercise than when they had breakfasted.
The implication应用 of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise, it may be wise to skip eating first.
D
I was in the middle of the Amazon (亚马逊) with my wife, who was there as a medical researcher. We flew on a small plane to a faraway village偏远乡村 . We did not speak the local language 说本地话 , did not know the customs, and more often than not 常常 , did not entirely recognize the food. We could not have felt more foreign 陌生的 .
We were raised on books and computers, highways and cell phones, but now we were living in a village without running water自来水 or electricity . It was easy for us to go to sleep at the end of the day feeling a little misunderstood.
Then one perfect Amazonian evening, with monkeys calling from beyond the village green, we played soccer 踢足球. I am not good at soccer, but that evening it was wonderful. Everyone knew the rules. We all spoke the same language of passes and shots. We understood one another perfectly. As darkness came over the field and the match ended, the goalkeeper 记分员 , Juan, walked over to me and said in a matter-of-fact way 平静地 , "In your home, do you have a moon too?" I was surprised.
After I explained to Juan that yes, we did have a moon and yes, it was very similar to 与... 非常相似 his, I felt a sort of awe (敬畏) at the possibilities that existed in his world. In Juan's world, each village could have its own moon. In Juan's world, the unknown and undiscovered was vast and marvelous 令人惊讶的 . Anything was possible.
In our society 在我们的社会, we know that Earth has only one moon. We have looked at our planet from every angle and found all of the wildest things left to find. I can, from my computer at home, pull up satellite images of Juan's village. There are no more continents and no more moons to search for, little left to discover. At least it seems that way.至少看上去是如此。
Yet, as I thought about思考 Juan's question, I was not sure how much more we could really rule out 不考虑 . I am, in part 某种程度上 , an ant biologist, so my thoughts turned to what we know about了解 insect life and I knew that much in the world of insects remains unknown . How much, though? How ignorant (无知的) are we? The question of what we know and do not know constantly bothered me 一直困扰着我.
I began collecting newspaper articles about new species, new monkeys, new spiders..., and on and on 不停地 they appear. My drawer quickly filled. I began a second drawer for more general discoveries: a new cave system discovered with dozens of 许多 nameless species, four hundred species of bacteria found in the human stomach. The second drawer began to fill and as it did, I wondered whether there were bigger discoveries out there, not just species, but the life that depends on things thought to be useless, life even without DNA. I started the third drawer for these big discoveries . It fills more slowly, but all the same 依旧 , it fills.
In在做...的过程中 looking into the stories of biological discovery, I also began to find something else, a collection of scientists, usually brilliant, occasionally half-mad, who made the discoveries . Those scientists very often see the same things that other scientists see, but they pay more attention to them, and they focus on them to the point of exhaustion (穷尽) , and at the risk of the ridicule 嘲笑 of their peers. In looking for the stories of discovery, I found the stories of these people and how their lives changed our view of the world.
We are repeatedly willing to （be willing to do sth 愿意做某事） imagine we have found most of what is left to discover. We used to （used to do sth 过去常做某事） think that insects were the smallest organisms (生物) and that nothing lived deeper than six hundred meters. Yet, when something new turns up 出现, more often than not , we do not even know its name.
