英语翻译段子

发布网友发布时间：2022-08-18 20:47

共2个回答

热心网友时间：2023-10-20 03:33

②Proction effect: Increased the procer surplus. before implementing TBT, the procer surplus is the P1P3C area, but after implementing TBT, the procer surplus was the P2P3H area, the procer surplus increased the P1P2HC area. (two), TBT to trade export State influence effect analysis: First, to export State terms of trade influence (terms of trade effect) Regardless of export State for great nation or small country, because TBT has prevented its proct export, causes the domestic proct to supply exceed demand, definitely will rece this commodity the price, the overseas available same commodity will trade more this commodities, therefore terms of trade worsening.
对应的中文是：②生产效应：增加了生产者剩余。
在实行TBT以前，生产者剩余为P1P3C的面积，而实行TBT后，生产者剩余为P2P3H的面积，生产者剩余增加了P1P2HC的面积。
（二）、TBT对贸易出口国的影响效应分析：
第一、对出口国贸易条件的影响（贸易条件效应）
无论出口国为大国或者小国，由于TBT阻止了其产品的出口，导致国内产品供大于求，必然会降低该商品的价格，国外则可用相同的商品换得更多的该商品，所以贸易条件恶化。
Second, to the export State domestic economy activity's influence (domestic effect) similarly take the small country as the example, analyzes the model building with the supply and demand, following chart: in the chart in two, is convenient for the analysis, after our supposition this country encounters the TBT limit some commodity all flows in the home. OQ, OP, S, D express this commodity output, the price, the domestic supply curve and the demand curve separately, before not having TBT to set limit, this country supplies are OQ3, the price are OP2, the domestic demand is OQ1, Q1Q3 is the volume of exports, after implementing TBT, the Q1Q3 proct transfers the domestic sale completely, the domestic price the drop will be OP1. ①Expense effect: Before the consumer surplus increases TBT to set limit, the consumer surplus is the P2BA area, after TBT sets limit, the consumer surplus is the P1EA area, the consumer surplus increased the P1P2BE area. ②Proction effect: Before the procer surplus reces TBT to set limit, the procer surplus is the FCP2 area, after TBT sets limit, the procer surplus is (FHP1-HEQ3Q2) area, the procer surplus increased (P1P2CH+ HEQ3Q2) the area. ③National income effect: After the income reces TBT sets limit, the national income originally should have HEC area income vanishing.
对应的中文：
第二、对出口国国内经济活动的影响（国内效应）
同样以小国为例，用供求分析建立模型，如下图：
在图二中，为分析方便，我们假设该国遭遇TBT*后的某商品全部流入国内。OQ、OP、S、D分别表示该商品的产量、价格、国内供给曲线和需求曲线，在没有TBT设限前，该国供给为OQ3，价格为OP2，国内需求为OQ1，Q1Q3为出口量，实行TBT后，Q1Q3产品全部转为国内销售，国内价格将下降为OP1 。
①消费效应：消费者剩余增加
TBT设限前，消费者剩余为P2BA的面积，TBT设限后，消费者剩余为P1EA的面积，消费者剩余增加了P1P2BE的面积。
②生产效应：生产者剩余减少
TBT设限前，生产者剩余为FCP2的面积，TBT设限后，生产者剩余为(FHP1―HEQ3Q2)的面积，生产者剩余增加了(P1P2CH+ HEQ3Q2)的面积。
③国民收入效应：收入减少
TBT设限后，国民收入本应该有的HEC面积的收入消失。
Third, the technical trade protectionism (TBT) to contemporary international trade's influence (one), TBT sets up the original intention and the necessity is worth affirmative. TBT sets up the original intention is good, it emerges has certain society and the historical perspective, we may sum up it as the following two aspects. the first aspect, finishes after the World War II, the world economics and the international trade had the very big development, but as a result of the people to the environment and the ecology question's understanding insufficiency, causes various countries' the ecology and the environment while proces and trade development receives certain destruction, the economical trade, the ecological environment and sustainable development's contradiction is day by day prominent, therefore various countries take the technical measure in abundance, afforests the proction and the trade. the second aspect, science's and technology's development causes the trade proct and the service technique content is getting higher and higher; Simultaneously the people living standard and the quality of life enhance unceasingly, the consumer to the proct and the service selective enhancement, to the proct and the service security, wholesomeness, and the performance request is also getting higher and higher, this request various countries take the effective technical measure, safeguards the normal proction, the trade and the expense. Therefore, we may see clearly TBT sets up the original intention is good, moreover the right technical measure is beneficial in the enhancement proction efficiency; Is beneficial in the promotion international trade development; Is beneficial in guaranteed that the export procts the quality either protects human, the animal or plant's life or the health and the protection environment, prevents the fraulent practice, or protects the importing country the basic security interests; Is also beneficial in the international standardized aspect in the developed country and provides the related assistance to the developing country transfer technology. Therefore said that TBT sets up also has its necessarily.
对应的中文：三、技术性贸易壁垒（TBT）对当代国际贸易的影响
（一）、TBT的设立初衷及必要性是值得肯定的。
TBT的设立初衷是好的，它的兴起有着一定的社会和历史背景，我们可以把它归结为以下两个方面。
第一个方面，自从二战结束以后，世界经济与国际贸易有了很大的发展，但由于人们对环境和生态问题的认识不足，使得各国的生态与环境在生产与贸易发展的同时都受到一定的破坏，经济贸易、生态环境和可持续发展的矛盾日益突出，所以各国纷纷采取技术性措施，以绿化生产与贸易。
第二个方面，科学技术的发展使得贸易产品与服务的技术含量越来越高；同时人们生活水平和生活质量不断提高，消费者对产品和服务的选择性增强，对产品与服务的安全性、卫生性、及性能性的要求也越来越高，这就要求各国采取有效的技术性措施，来保障正常的生产、贸易与消费。
因此，我们可以清晰地看到TBT的设立初衷是好的，而且正当的技术性措施有益于提高生产效率；有益于促进国际贸易发展；有益于保证出口产品的质量或保护人类、动物或植物的生命或健康及保护环境，防止欺诈行为，或保护进口国的基本安全利益；在国际标准化方面也有益于发达国家向发展中国家转让技术并提供相关的协助。所以说TBT的设立也是有其必要性的。
(two), nowadays's TBT already became the international trade the bottleneck to have the ironclad evidence. Although the technology trade barrier sets up has its necessity, but nowadays's TBT already seriously twisted the original intention which it sets up, various countries set up TBT to protect the proportion which the environment and people's security occupies to be getting fewer and fewer, but sets up the barrier to prevent the overseas commodity the import to be actually getting more and more, has become a trade protectionism powerful tool. The fact proved that TBT seriously had already hindered international trade normal advance, becomes a bottleneck which the international trade oversteps with difficulty. we first looking from TBT in the notification situation in recent years, according to WTO "the TBT Agreement" and "the SPS Agreement" the stipulation, the member formulates before the trade possibly has the tremendous influence technical measure to notify for the TBT committee or the SPS committee, and gives other members to appraise the time. in 2002, altogether had 45 members TBT which and SPS total quantity 1429 notified to the TBT committee and the SPS committee, bi shangnian grew 6.4%,1995-2002 year TBT and the SPS notification total is 8507. The special details see the next table:
对应的中文（二）、现今的TBT已经成为国际贸易的瓶颈是有真凭实据的。
虽然技术贸易壁垒的设立有其必要性，但是现今的TBT已经严重扭曲了它设立的初衷，各国设立TBT来保护环境及人民的安全所占的比例越来越少，而设立壁垒来阻止国外商品的进口却越来越多，成了贸易保护主义的一个有力的工具。事实证明，TBT已经严重阻碍了国际贸易的正常进行，成为国际贸易难以逾越的一个瓶颈。
我们先从TBT在近几年的通报情况来看，根据WTO的《TBT协议》及《SPS协议》的规定，成员制定对贸易可能有较大影响的技术性措施前应通报给TBT委员会或SPS委员会，并给予其他成员评议时间。2002年，共有45个成员向TBT委员会和SPS委员会通报的TBT和SPS总量1429件，比上年增长6.4%，1995—2002年TBT和SPS通报总数为8507件。具体情况见下表：
好了搞定

热心网友时间：2023-10-20 03:33

(2) the proction effect: increase the procer surplus. The implementation of the TBT ago, procer surplus for P1P3C area, and implement TBT, procer surplus for P2P3H area, procer surplus increased P1P2HC area. (2), the influence of TBT on trade exporters effect analysis: first, to the exporter trade condition the influence (terms of trade effect) whether exporter for big or small, because TBT stopped its procts export, leading to domestic proct supply exceeds demand, will rece the price of the goods, foreign usable the same commodity in more of the goods, so deteriorating terms of trade. Second, to the exporter domestic economic activities affect the domestic effect) in the same small as an example, with supply and demand analysis model, as shown in figure 2: for analysis, convenient, we assume that the country encounters TBT limit after all a goods into the domestic. OQ, OP, S, D respectively said the commodity proction, price, domestic supply curve and the demand curve, without limits, the TBT before supply, the price for OQ3 for OP2, domestic demand for OQ1, Q1Q3 for exports, implement TBT, Q1Q3 all procts to domestic sales, domestic prices will decline for OP1. (1) the consumption effect: consumer surplus increase TBT censored ago, consumer surplus for P2BA area, TBT censored, consumer surplus for P1EA area, consumer surplus increased P1P2BE area. (2) the proction effect: the procer surplus rece TBT censored ago, procer surplus for FCP2 area, TBT censored, procer surplus (FHP1 - HEQ3Q2) area, procer surplus increased (P1P2CH + HEQ3Q2) area. (3) national income effect: income rece TBT censored, national income should have some HEC area income disappear. Three, technical barriers to trade (TBT) on the contemporary international trade influence (1), the establishment of TBT purpose and necessity is worth for sure. The establishment of TBT original intention is good, its rise has certain social and historical background, we can make it boil down to the following two aspects. The first aspect, since after the end of world war ii, the world economy and international trade has made great development, but because people on the environment and lack of awareness of ecological problems, making the national ecology and environment in the proction and trade development at the same time are subject to certain destruction, the economic and trade, ecological environment and sustainable development of the increasingly prominent contradiction between, so countries are taking technical measures to green proction and trade. The second aspect, the development of science and technology makes trade procts and services more and more high technology content, At the same time people living standard and life quality rise ceaselessly, the consumer procts and services to the selective enhancement, the procts and services of the safety, health and performance of sex, sexual request too more and more high, this requires countries to adopt effective technical measures, to ensure normal proction, trade and consumption. Therefore, we can see clearly the establishment of TBT original intention is good, and the proper technical measures to improve proction efficiency; Is beneficial to promoting international trade development; Is beneficial to guarantee the quality of export procts or to protect human, animal or plant life or health, and protect the environment, prevent fraud, or protection of the importing country basic security interests; In the international standardization aspects are also good for developed countries to developing countries transfer technology and provide related assistance. So the establishment of TBT is also has its necessity. (2), today's TBT has become the bottleneck of international trade is a strong evidence of. Although the establishment of technical trade barrier has its necessity, but today's TBT has been distorted by the establishment of the original intention, countries it set up TBT to protect the environment and the safety of the people and the proportion of less and less, and set up barriers to prevent foreign imports of goods, but more and more become the trade protectionism is a powerful tool. In fact, TBT has seriously hindered the normal international trade, international trade insurmountable become a bottleneck. We first reported in recent years from the TBT situation, according to the WTO the TBT agreement and the SPS agreement "regulation, the member set up trade may have great influence on technical measures should be forwarded to before the TBT committee or SPS committee, and give other members appraisal time. In 2002, a total of 45 members to the TBT committee and SPS committee bulletin of TBT and SPS total 1429, a 6.4% increase from the previous year, 1995-2002 TBT and SPS notification for a total of 8507 pieces. See the table below specific situation