如何论证雅思作文中的观点
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发布时间：2022-04-29 19:32
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时间：2022-06-21 06:31
将一个观点进行解释有三个方法：
1. if…will/would
2. without …will/would
3. in other words
一: 正面论证 if…will/would
Advocates of this believe that today’s sedentary lifestyle and stressful working conditions mean that physical activity is no longer part of either our work or our leisure time. If there were easy-to-reach local sports centres, we would be more likely to make exercise a regular part of our lives, rather than just collapsing in front of a screen every evening. (C9 T3)
考官范文中给出的观点是：如今终日伏案的生活方式和紧张的工作环境使体育活动从我们的工作和休闲生活中消失。由于本段是写Advocates的观点，即增加体育设施对提高公众健康有好处，所以观点之后紧跟着有进一步的解释：如果当地有近便的体育活动中心，那么我们就很有可能将体育运动作为生活的一部分，而不是每晚都瘫坐在屏幕前。
正面论证更像是对观点所产生结果的进一步列举，比如谈到出国的好处：出国可以提高语言水平，如果一个人出国，他会与native speaker直接接触，从而有了更多面对面练习语言的机会。
二：反面论证 without … will/would
Good musicians or artists and exceptional sports stars have probably succeeded because of both good training and natural talent. Without the natural talent, continuous training would be neither attractive nor proctive, and without the training, the child would not learn how to exploit and develop their talent. (C7 T1)
范文中观点是：杰出的音乐家，艺术家和体育名星的成功是训练和天赋的结合。作者用了两个without从反面进行解释论证：没有天赋，连续训练可能既乏味又没有效果;没有训练，孩子们就不知道如何开发利用他们的才能。
反面论证是从“如果没有…”这个角度去扩充思路。比如说到*与环境的话题：*应该加大对污染企业的监管，如果没有*的监督和管理，那些污染企业就可以在排放污染的同时获利，并且逃脱惩罚，这样对社会和环境治理都是极其不利的。
三：解释 in other words
解释并不是把一句话换几个同义词再写一遍，这个看似简单的短语前后有着很大的奥妙，看看考官是如何利用这个方法的。
Overall, I think an ability to keep clear perspectives in life is a more essential factor in achieving happiness. By that I mean an ability to have a clear sense of what is important in our lives (the welfare of our families, the quality of our relationships, making other people happy, etc.) and what is not ( a problem at work, getting annoyed about trivial things, etc.). (C4 T2)
作者认为要获得幸福的一个更重要的因素是：to keep clear perspectives in life。这是一个很抽象的概念，如何做到这一点呢?范文中用了by that I mean来做进一步解释：也就是要知道生命中什么是重要的什么是不重要的。这是一个从抽象到具体的解释。
再如：
…They are allowed to have whatever they want, regardless of price, and to behave as they please. This means that the children grow up without consideration for others and without any understanding of where their standard of living comes from. (C4 T4)
This means that前面的内容是由于出生率降低，孩子们被宠坏的具体表现，后面讲他们在成长的过程中很少为他人考虑，也从来不思考他们的幸福生活是从何而来。这是一个从具体到抽象的总结。
类似的短语还有：
It means
That is to say
In other words
To put it another way
By that I mean
总之，解释是一种将观点进行再次阐释的方法，通过正面，反面或抽象具体之间的转化可以使考官更加详尽地了解考生观点，同时由于加入了一些细节内容，也使观点变得丰富，充实。
