定语从句 介词加关系代词中介词要怎么判断?
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发布时间:2022-04-29 02:20
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热心网友
时间:2022-06-28 15:08
定语从句是高一英语语法的重难点,同时又是高考必考热点之一。纵观10年来各地高考试题对定语从句的考查,越来越突出能力立意,通过一系列的增元、减员,前置等变换手段来考查。定语从句中关于“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时介词的选择则更是令众多考生十分头疼的一大难题。之所以难,主要在于难以选出合适的介词。应对“介词+关系代词”中介词如何选则这一难题,笔者根据教学经验,总结出一套行之有效的秘诀:“一先二动三意义”。 一、 一先,即先杀先行词。 从先行词下手。介词往往和先行词构成固定搭配。杀题背景:当先行词往往是那些表示时间、地点、原因、方法、工具等的词时,它们与介词之间有一定的固定联系,多用这种方法。(比如时间常和on; in、by搭配,地点常用on; in; at,原因用for, 方式用in; by; with等等) eg: The pencil _____C__he used to write is broken.A. in which B. by which C. with which D. with that解题:考的是“介词+关系代词”结构,关系代词指物的话用which,指人whom,先把D选项排除了。剩下这三项选择哪个呢?我们先从先行词下手,pencil是工具范畴,介词搭配一般用with,选择C.【牛刀小试】Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes ___A___ people were eaten by the tiger. (2005广东卷) A. in which B. by which C. which 解题: when 引导时间状语从句“在那个情景中,人被老虎吃掉”。先行词scene情景,场合,属于“时间,地点”类型的词。符合我们杀题三部曲之第一部曲的杀题背景。我们说在情景中,在场合下,搭配的介词是in ,in the scenes 选择A .二、杀题第二部曲———— 二动。即看从句中的谓语动词结构。根据从句中谓语动词的搭配选择合适的介词。杀题背景:先行词没有明显可以固定搭配的介词,介词的选用与从句中谓语结构的搭配有关。eg: American women usually identify their best friend as someone__D__they can talk frequently. (2004上海卷)A.who B.as C. about whom D. with whom解析: 先行词是不定代词someone,指人,而且作从句中talk 的宾语,马上在记忆库中搜索匹配的关系代词,排除作主语的A选项。再看B,我们已经知道as引导非限定性定语从句,也排除了。剩下C, D.考查选择合适介词,符合杀题二部曲的背景。先行词看不出来的。根据从句中的谓语动词结构来判断。与某人聊天用的是talk with somebody 。答案出来了 D.【牛刀小试】The English play ___c___ my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success. (2004全国I)
A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which 解析:主句是The English play was a great success。在新年晚会上,我的学生们表演的英文剧取得了成功。先行词是play,四个选项里关系代词都是表示物体的which,这没问题。关键选哪个介词呢?单从先行词身上判断不出来,我们就采取杀题第二部曲,从从句谓语动词的结构上下手。act 不及物动词,若表示扮演节目,要加上in.此处表演话剧act in a play 。介词in提前了,我们选择c.这道题是04年全国一卷的题。三、第三部曲------通过判断主句表达的全部意义来确定合适的介词。eg: He was ecated at the local high school,_______ he went on to Beijing University. (2007江苏卷33题)A.after which B. after that C. in which D. in that解析:正确答案为A。这是个非限定性定语从句。which 指代前面整个句子的情况。句意为“在当地中学毕业后,他上了北京大学” ,介词选择after.四、特殊情况:介词of 常用于结构:表示部分的词语+of+关系代词表示部分的词语常见的有:不定代词all, both, none, neither, either, some, any, 数词(含基数词,序数词,分数和百分数);数词+名词;the +最高级/比较级,以及表示数目或数量的词语many, most, few, several, enough, half a, a quarter。高考考例: 1. (2004湖北卷) There are two buildings, ________ stands nearly a hundred feet high. A. the larger B. the larger of them C. the larger one that D. the larger of which 解析:答案为D。the larger of which指代the larger of the two buildings; B选项缺少一个连词。 2. (2004辽宁卷) The factory proces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% _______ are sold abroad. A. of which B. which of C. of them D. of that 解析:答案为A。80% of which指代的是80% of the shoes。本题意为:这家工厂每年生产的50万双鞋子有80%都是销往国外的。 不能用于“介词+关系代词的情况:含有介词的固定的动词短语一般不拆开使用,如:look for, look after, take care of等不能把介词提前。 eg: This is the watch which/that I am looking for.
热心网友
时间:2022-06-28 15:08
on/in/for 要看你把从句改成陈述语序后的动词
比如 The house in which Yaoming once lived.
其实就是 Yaoming once lived in the house.
这里live 要和house的话 应该加介词 in
其他几个也是同样的 看情况而定
做这种从句要先把语序调过来 就会很简单了
when 一般引导时间状语的
where一般是引导地点状语的 但也会有复杂用法
当先行词(就是你要修饰的那个词)是 situation/stage 事物某个方面等等抽象的地点状语 也要用where
when 和in/at/ring which 状语时很多时候意思是一样的
where和in/at/on/under which 同上
why 和 for which 同上
热心网友
时间:2022-06-28 15:09
还原法,把句子还原成正常语序,或者陈述句,再判断