谁能讲一讲英语中的定语从句?
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发布时间:2022-04-27 11:15
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时间:2023-09-21 10:57
概念:
定语从句
是修饰一个名词或代词的从句。
构成:定语从句必须包含
先行词
和关系词两个部分。先行词由一个名词或代词担当;关系词包括
关系代词
和
关系副词
。
关系代词:that
which
who
whom
whose
as
关系副词:where
when
why
关系代词that,
which,
who,
whom,
as用法:1.
必须在定语从句中作主语或宾语。2.作
引导词
的功能。关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语。
关系副词when,
where,
why
的用法:在定语从句中作状语。因此要区别该用关系代词还是关系副词,就要看它在定语从句中所作的成份。
运用:1
由关系代词引导的定语从句
a.
that
在从句中可作主语或宾语,指人或物。
例:A
plane
is
a
machine
that
can
fly.
(作主语,指物)
who
is
the
man
that
is
working
over
there?(作主语,指人)
b.
which
在从句中可作主语或宾语,指物。
例:This
is
the
bike
which
I
bought
yesterday.
(
作宾语,指物,可省略)
c.
who
在从句中作主语,指人。
例:The
boy
who
is
standing
under
the
tree
is
called
Jim.(作主语,指人)
d.
whom在从句中作宾语,指人,在口语中可用who
代替。
例:Do
you
know
the
person
whom
we
met
at
the
gate
just
now
?
e.
whose
在从句中作定语,指人。
例:This
is
Mr
Wang,
whose
wife
works
in
a
big
hospital.
(
作定语,指人)
f.
as
在从句中作主语或宾语。(如先行词被such
或the
same
修饰,多用as
引导定语从句。
例:We
won’t
use
such
students
as
you
recommend
.
2.由关系副词引导的定语从句
a.
when
在从句中作状语,指时间。
例:I’ll
never
forget
the
day
when
I
joined
the
army.
b.
where
在从句中作状语,指地点。
例:This
is
the
house
where
we
lived
last
year.
c.
why
在从句中作状语,指原因。
例:I
don’t
know
the
reason
why
they
didn’t
come
to
the
party.
3.
that
与which
的区别与联系:
a.
that
在定语从句中既可指人又可指物,可代替who,
whom,
which
(不包括
非限定性定语从句
)。
b.
that
和
which
在从句中作主语时,不能省略;作宾语时,在口语中常省略。
c.
在which
引导的定语从句中,当which
从句中作介词的宾语时,介词一般可放在which
之前,也可放在从句原来的位置上,在含有介词的动词固定词组中介词只能放在原来的位置上,而不能放在which之前。
例:The
house
in
which
Lu
Xun
once
lived
is
now
the
Lu
Xun
Museum.
=The
house
which
Lu
Xun
once
lived
in
is
now
the
Lu
Xun
Museum.
This
is
the
bag
which
you
are
looking
for.
(look
for
不能分开,是固定词组)
而在that引导的定语从句中,当that在从句中作谓语动词加介词的宾语时,that不能放在介词后面作介词宾语。
例:The
village
that
she
lives
in
is
twenty
kilometers
away.(in
不能放在that前)
4.只能用that
的情况
a.
在序数词或最高级形容词修饰先行词时,要用that。
例:Han
Mei
is
the
most
beautiful
girl
that
I
have
ever
known.
b.
当all,
everything
,nothing
,something
,anything,
few,
none,
the
one
等不定代词作先行词时,要用that.
例:Is
there
anything
that
you
want
to
tell
me?