发布网友 发布时间:2022-04-07 16:56
共4个回答
懂视网 时间:2022-04-07 21:18
--##字符函数,大小写处理函数 SELECT LOWER('ABcDe') FROM dual; -- abcde,全部转换为小写 SELECT UPPER('ABcDe') FROM dual; -- ABCDE,全部转换为大写 SELECT INITCAP('aBcDe') FROM dual; -- Abcde,首字母大写 --##字符函数,字符串处理函数 SELECT SUBSTR('ABcDe',2,2) FROM dual; -- Bc,截取字符串 SELECT SUBSTR('ABcDe',2) FROM dual; -- BcDe,截取字符串 SELECT SUBSTR('ABcDe',-3,2) FROM dual; -- cD,截取字符串 SELECT INSTR('ABcDefgdDh','D',3,2) FROM dual; -- 9,从第三个字符串开始查询第二个字符D的位置 SELECT INSTR('ABcDefgdDh','D') FROM dual; -- 4,从第一个字符串开始查询第一个字符D的位置 SELECT LPAD('ABcDe',10,'D') FROM dual; -- DDDDDABcDe,左侧不足补字符串D SELECT LPAD('ABcDe',3,'D') FROM dual; -- ABc SELECT RPAD('ABcDe',10,'D') FROM dual; -- ABcDeDDDDD,右侧不足补字符串D SELECT RPAD('ABcDe',3,'D') FROM dual; -- ABc SELECT REPLACE('ABcDeEe','e',8) FROM dual; --ABcD8E8,替换字符 SELECT LENGTH('ABcDe') FROM dual; -- 5,计算字符串长度 SELECT CONCAT('Hello','World') FROM dual; -- HelloWorld,连接字符串 SELECT TRIM('H' FROM 'HelloWorld') FROM dual; --elloWorld,去除首字母 SELECT TRIM('d' FROM 'HelloWorld') FROM dual; --HelloWorl,去除尾字母 SELECT TRIM('' FROM 'HelloWorld') FROM dual; --,隐藏字符 --数字函数 SELECT ROUND(245.1234) FROM dual; --245 SELECT ROUND(245.1234,2) FROM dual; --245.12 SELECT ROUND(245.6234,0) FROM dual; --246 SELECT ROUND(245.1234,-2) FROM dual; --200 SELECT ROUND(255.1234,-2) FROM dual; --300 SELECT ROUND(-245.1234,2) FROM dual; -- -245.12 SELECT ROUND(-245.6234,0) FROM dual; -- -246 SELECT ROUND(-245.1234,-2) FROM dual; -- -200 SELECT ROUND(-255.1234,-2) FROM dual; -- -300 SELECT TRUNC(245.1234,2) FROM dual; -- 245.12 SELECT TRUNC(245.6234,0) FROM dual; -- 245 SELECT TRUNC(245.1234,-2) FROM dual; -- 200 SELECT TRUNC(255.1234,-2) FROM dual; -- 200 SELECT MOD(1600,300) FROM dual; -- 100 SELECT MOD(1500,300) FROM dual; -- 0 --日期函数 SELECT SYSDATE FROM dual; -- 2012-05-12 12:50:18 ,当前日期 SELECT MONTHS_BETWEEN('15-4月-2012','01-1月-2012') FROM dual; -- 3.45161290322581,两个日期之间的月数 SELECT ADD_MONTHS(SYSDATE,2) FROM dual; --2012-07-12 14:23:32,添加月份到日期字段中 SELECT NEXT_DAY('15-4月-2012',3) FROM dual; --2012-04-17 ,添加天数到日期字段中 SELECT NEXT_DAY(SYSDATE,'星期一') FROM dual; SELECT LAST_DAY(SYSDATE) FROM dual; --2012-05-31 14:25:22,本月份的最后一天 SELECT ROUND(SYSDATE,'month') FROM dual; --2012-05-01,月份四舍五入 SELECT ROUND(SYSDATE) FROM dual; --2012-05-13 SELECT TRUNC(SYSDATE,'month') FROM dual; --月份截取 SELECT TRUNC(SYSDATE,'day') FROM dual; --转化函数 SELECT '123' + 123 FROM dual; --246,字符串隐式转化 SELECT TO_CHAR(123456.6543,'L099,999.00') AS "Number Format" FROM dual; --若是常量数字,需在前加0 SELECT TO_CHAR(123456.6543,'$099,999.00') AS "Number Format" FROM dual; SELECT TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'DAY DD-MON-YYYY') AS "Data Format" FROM dual; --星期二 15-5月 -2012 SELECT TO_DATE('12-5-2012','DD-MM-YYYY') FROM dual; --格式字符串必须有。没有意义? SELECT TO_NUMBER('5432.1234') FROM dual; SELECT TO_NUMBER('15,155,100.56','999,999,999.00') FROM dual; --变量字符串与格式字符串的格式必须一致 --常规函数 SELECT NVL(NULL,0) FROM dual; -- 0 SELECT NVL(NULL,'N/A') FROM dual; -- N/A SELECT NVL(123,0) FROM dual; -- 123 SELECT NVL('学生','N/A') FROM dual; -- 学生 SELECT NVL2(NULL,0,1) FROM dual; -- 1 SELECT NVL2(123,0,1) FROM dual; -- 0 SELECT NULLIF(1,1) FROM dual; -- NULL SELECT NULLIF(2,1) FROM dual; -- 2 SELECT NULLIF('好','不好') FROM dual; -- 好 SELECT COALESCE(NULL,NULL,'不好','好') FROM dual; -- 不好,参数必须为同一数据类型 --DECODE示例 DECODE SELECT last_name, job_id, salary, DECODE(job_id, 'IT_PROG', 1.10*salary, 'ST_CLERK', 1.15*salary, 'SA_REP', 1.20*salary, salary) REVISED_SALARY FROM employees; --CASE THEN示例 CASE WHEN THEN WHEN THEN ELSE END SELECT last_name, job_id, salary, CASE job_id WHEN 'IT_PROG' THEN 1.10*salary WHEN 'ST_CLERK' THEN 1.15*salary WHEN 'SA_REP' THEN 1.20*salary ELSE salary END "REVISED_SALARY" FROM employees; --##分组函数 AVG COUNT MAX MIN SUM STDDEV VARIANCE /* IN、ANY、ALL运算符 IN 等于列表中的任意一个。 < ANY 意味着低于最高值;> ANY 意味着高于最低值;= ANY 等同于 IN。 < ALL 意味着低于最低值;> ANY 意味着高于最高低值。 示例: SELECT employee_id, last_name, job_id, salary FROM employees WHERE salary < ANY (SELECT salary FROM employees WHERE job_id = 'IT_PROG') AND job_id <> 'IT_PROG'; */ --创建脚本示例 INSERT INTO departments (department_id, department_name, location_id) VALUES (&"Department Id",'&"Department Name"',&Location_Id); /* MERGE语句 提供有条件地在数据表中更新或插入数据的功能。 如果该行存在就执行UPDATE,如果是新行则执行INSERT 示例:在COPY_EMP表中插入或更新行,以便与EMPLOYEES表匹配 MERGE INTO copy_emp c USING employees e ON (c.employee_id = e.employee_id) WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET c.first_name = e.first_name, c.last_name = e.last_name, ... c.department_id = e.department_id WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT VALUES(e.employee_id, e.first_name, e.last_name, e.email, e.phone_number, e.hire_date, e.job_id, e.salary, e.commission_pct, e.manager_id, e.department_id); */ --显式事务控制语句 COMMIT ROLLBACK SAVEPOINT name_values ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT name_values --ALTER TABLE语句示例 ALTER TABLE dept80 ADD (job_id VARCHAR2(9)); ALTER TABLE dept80 MODIFY (last_name VARCHAR2(30)); ALTER TABLE dept80 DROP COLUMN job_id; --SET UNUSED标记不可用与删除表全部不可用字段 ALTER TABLE emp SET UNUSED(department_id) ALTER TABLE emp DROP UNUSED COLUMNS; --不能删除某一个不可用字段,若删除将全部删除。 --RENAME重命名对象 RENAME employees2 TO emp --COMMENT向表中添加字段 COMMENT ON TABLE employees IS 'Employee Information'; --约束类型 NOT NULL UNIQUE PRIMARY KEY FOREIGN KEY CHECK CREATE TABLE employees( employee_id NUMBER(6), first_name VARCHAR2(20), ... job_id VARCHAR2(10) NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT emp_emp_id_pk PRIMARY KEY (EMPLOYEE_ID)); CREATE TABLE employees( employee_id NUMBER(6), email VARCHAR2(25), ... department_id NUMBER(4), CONSTRAINT emp_dept_fk FOREIGN KEY (department_id) REFERENCES departments(department_id), CONSTRAINT emp_email_uk UNIQUE(email)); CREATE TABLE employees( employee_id NUMBER(6), hire_date DATE NOT NULL, ... CONSTRAINT emp_email_uk UNIQUE(email)); CREATE TABLE employees( employee_id NUMBER(6), ... salary NUMBER(2) CONSTRAINT emp_salary_min CHECK (salary > 0),... ALTER TABLE employees ADD CONSTRAINT emp_manager_fk FOREIGN KEY(manager_id) REFERENCES employees(employee_id); ALTER TABLE employees DROP CONSTRAINT emp_manager_fk; ALTER TABLE departments DROP PRIMARY KEY CASCADE; --删除departments表上的PRIMARY KEY约束,并删除employees.department_id列上关联的FOREIGN KEY约束。 ALTER TABLE employees DISABLE CONSTRAINT emp_emp_id_pk CASCADE; --禁用约束 ALTER TABLE employees ENABLE CONSTRAINT emp_emp_id_pk; --启用约束 /* 级联约束 CASCADE CONSTRAINTS子句是和 DROP COLUMN子句一起使用的。 CASCADE CONSTRAINTS子句会删除涉及到在已删除列上定义的主键或唯一关键字的所有引用完整性约束。 CASCADE CONSTRAINTS子句还将删除在已删除列上定义的鄋多列约束。 CREATE TABLE test1 ( pk NUMBER PRIMARY KEY, fk NUMBER, col1 NUMBER, col2 NUMBER, CONSTRAINT fk_constraint FOREIGN KEY (fk) REFERENCES test1, CONSTRAINT ck1 CHECK (pk > 0 and col1 > 0), CONSTRAINT ck2 CHECK (col2 > 0)); ALTER TABLE test1 DROP (pk) CASCADE CONSTRAINTS; ALTER TABLE test1 DROP (pk, fk, col1) CASCADE CONSTRAINTS; */ --视图使用WITH CHECK OPTION子句 CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW empvu20 AS SELECT * FROM employees WHERE department_id = 20 WITH CHECK OPTION CONSTRAINT empvu20_ck --引用约束empvu20_ck --视图拒绝DML操作 WITH READ ONLY --排序TOP-N分析:伪列ROWNUM关键字 SELECT ROWNUM as RANK, last_name, salary FROM (SELECT last_name,salary FROM employees ORDER BY salary DESC) WHERE ROWNUM <= 3; --序列 CREATE SEQUENCE dept_deptid_seq INCREMENT BY 10 --步长 START WITH 120 --开始位 MAXVALUE 9999 --结束位 NOCACHE -- NOCYCLE; --达到结束位不重新开始循环 ALTER SEQUENCE dept_deptid_seq INCREMENT BY 20 MAXVALUE 999999 NOCACHE NOCYCLE; --序列中的伪列, NEXTVAL CURRVAL INSERT INTO departments(department_id,department_name,location_id) VALUES (dept_deptid_seq.NEXTVAL, 'Support', 2500); SELECT dept_deptid_seq.CURRVAL FROM dual; --索引 CREATE INDEX emp_last_name_idx ON employees(last_name); --同义词 CREATE SYNONYM emp FOR employees; CREATE PUBLIC SYNONYM dept FOR departments
Oracle基础函数及对象示例学习总结
标签:oracle 基础函数 基础对象
热心网友 时间:2022-04-07 18:26
declare 是定义的关键字,说明下面的部分是定义部分,一直到begin结束,begin到end之间是代码段。热心网友 时间:2022-04-07 19:44
CREATE OR REPLACE追答RETURN NUMBER 指的是返回一个NUMBER类型的变量,也就是后面 RETURN v_sum;中的v_sum,假设函数sum=f(no,count),这里的v_sum相当于sum,就是函数执行后得到的值,Dept_no 没有out修饰,是一般类型的参数,只是传值,在后来调用函数 V_sum :=get_salary(10, v_num);时,传入了10,而 Emp_count 有out修饰,所以在函数执行后会把值保留下来,可以在外面调用,类似引用传递。V_sum 是定义的NUMBER 类型变量,用于返回函数得到的结果,他不是参数。不知道这样解释你能不能明白?
热心网友 时间:2022-04-07 21:18
call GetPY(@str varchar(500)) 就可以了